Dental hygienist

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A dental hygienist or oral hygienist is a licensed dentist, registered in a dental association or regulatory body in their country of practice. Prior to completion of a clinical and written examination, a registered dental hygienist must have an Associate Degree or a Dental Health Degree from an accredited college or university. Once registered, a hygienist is a premier health care professional working independently or with a dentist and other dental professional to provide full oral health care. They have training and education that focus on and specialize in the prevention and treatment of many oral diseases.

Dental hygienists have a range of specific clinical procedures that they provide to their patients. They assessed the patient's condition to offer patient-specific prevention and education services to promote and maintain good oral hygiene. The main role of dental hygienists is to perform periodontal therapy that includes such things as periodontal diagrams, periodontal debridement (scaling and root planing), prophylaxis (preventing disease) or periodontal treatment procedures for patients with periodontal disease. The use of therapeutic methods helps their patients in controlling oral diseases, while providing special care plans that emphasize the importance of behavioral changes. Some dental hygienists have a license to provide local anesthesia and do dental radiography. Tooth hygiene is also a major source for oral cancer screening and prevention. In addition to this procedure, hygienists can take intraoral radiography, apply a dental sealant, provide topical fluoride, and provide patient-specific oral hygiene instructions. In addition, they can perform many tasks related to orthodontia, such as choosing and orthodontic band size for braces and removal of orthodontic appliances. They are also able to make a dental impression for the construction of a cast and a protective mouth.

Dental hygienists work in a variety of dental settings, from independent, personal, or specialist practice to the public sector. They can also work in elderly care facilities at home. Dental hygienists work with other dental professionals, with higher numbers working on common practice with dentists, dentalists and oral health experts. A small number work in specialist practice alongside orthodontists and periodontists. They assist with the contribution of an interdisciplinary approach, which aims to provide optimal oral health care to their patients. Dental hygienists also aim to work inter-professionally to provide holistic oral health care for the best interests of their patients. Dental hygienists also offer expertise in their fields and can provide a dental hygiene diagnosis, which is an integral component of comprehensive dental diagnosis.

Dental Hygienists can also serve as researchers and as educators in dental hygiene programs.

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Tahapan perawatan terapi periodontal

Periodontal therapy is a continuous cycle that requires regular evaluation and maintenance to optimize treatment outcomes. Treatment is usually performed by a dental or oral health expert, but it involves all members of the dental team and may include specialists during the treatment. There are six phases performed by dental professionals when performing periodontal therapy, as follows;

Systemic pre-phase

This includes, but is not limited to:

A full review of the patient's medical history to identify the patient's systemic health, as well as establishing a temporary diagnosis. A provisional diagnosis is produced after a comprehensive oral examination, data collection and radiographic interpretation.
The ASA physical status classification system is used to indicate future care options for patients, while considering the implications of risk factors, such as medical conditions (ie, endocarditis, diabetes, smoking). It also allows the dentist to start planning all non-surgical therapies.
All emergency care needs to be addressed first, this includes periodontal emergency care;
Fulfillment of the patient should be established during this phase because optimal oral hygiene practices should be used to assist care planning and, long-term outcomes and outcomes;

Initial phase: non-surgical periodontal therapy

Non-surgical periodontal therapy is primarily concerned with disease prevention, and is achieved through cooperative patient and physician interactions. This is usually achieved by combining patient education and motivational interviews, and if appropriate can include discussions on nutrition and smoking cessation. The various treatments involved in this phase include:

Debridement
Antimicrobial therapy
Correction of local risk factors
fluoride therapy
Caries control and temporary restoration placement
Occlusal therapy
Small orthodontic treatments

If the disease is present, secondary prevention may be necessary, the cause of the disease should be identified and recorded, and relevant professional movements should be identified and patient instructions for control of dental plaque established in an attempt to restore a healthy mouth condition. Therefore, mechanical and chemical plaque control is involved in this phase. This may be through:

Plaque unpacking agent
Manual or electric toothbrush
Brushing technique
Inter-dental help
Dentifrices
Control of chemical plaque (antimicrobial mouth rinse)

Reevaluation of non-surgical periodontal therapy

This phase continues throughout the treatment, enabling professional dentists with patients to monitor the patient's oral health status and help identify the need for a change or change of a previously formulated care plan, according to the patient's specific needs. Treatment is monitored using accurate periodontal charts and clinical observations of hard and soft tissue by professional dentists. The results from periodontal charts and clinical observations determine what follows the non-surgical periodontal phase. Three general results that may arise basically:

The patient progresses directly to the maintenance phase
Patients return to the non-surgical periodontal therapy phase, until their periodontal status is satisfactory
The patent progresses to the corrective phase

Corrective phase: surgical periodontal therapy

Corrective phase is not required for all patients, but is determined by the results of the re-evaluation phase, including all indicated:

Periodontal surgery
Endodontic surgery
Placement of dental implants

Supportive periodontal therapy and restorative therapy

As with the corrective phase, supportive periodontal therapy is not required for all patients, but is too dictated by the results of the re-evaluation phase. This includes everything needed:

Restorative gear
Permanent and removable protest

A re-evaluation of the overall response to treatment should be done at the end of this phase before proceeding to the maintenance phase.

Maintenance phase

The maintenance phase involves ongoing care, which varies anywhere from two to six months intervals. This maintenance phase involves patients and dentists to stop the disease from recurring, with the aim of keeping the tooth functioning for as long as possible in the oral cavity.

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History of dental hygiene

By the late 1800s dental disease prevention methods became popular among dentists and dental nurses, with dentists trained for routine prophylactic treatment in the war against dental disease. During this period D. D. Smith of Philadelphia demonstrated prophylactic methods to his colleagues and patients and his theoretical acceptance became increasingly popular.
In 1898 Smith gave a lecture on the periodic oral prophylactic system, which required patients to attend routine visits for prophylactic treatment and home education sessions around the oral home.
In 1906, one of his followers, Alfred C. Fones, was very interested in Smith's theory and began training his cousin Irene Newman to act as an apprentice, scalp and polish his teeth and give instructions on how to keep his mouth clean with the practice of care in home everyday. He later became the first recognized dentist.
In 1910, the Ohio College of Dental Surgery offered a formal course for dental nurses . However, dentists in Ohio strongly opposed formal training schools, and those who completed the course were never allowed to practice. The course will soon be discontinued in 1914 due to the reaction of the dental community.
In 1913, the term dental hygiene was made and Alfred Fones started the first school for dentists in Connecticut
1914 The first legal dentist to graduate from the dental hygiene program. Fones and are legally permitted to provide patients with prophylactic treatment.
In 1915, Connecticut changed the practice of dentists to include dental hygiene settings and other circumstances that followed changes in dental hygiene regulations that outline the scope of dental practice.
The 1923 first meeting of the American Hygienic Dentist Association took place
1939 There are 8,000 dental hygienists in the United States
1950 Hygiene Experts Recognized [z] in Canada and University of Toronto established the first dental hygiene program in the country.
1965 Jack Orio's first man graduated from New Mexico University
1965 more than 15,400 dental hygienists work in America
1974 Dental hygienists are employed by the New Zealand government to take care of New Zealand soldiers.
1975 The dental hygiene profession was introduced in Australia.
1980 There are 204 dental hygiene programs across America
1988 The Journal of Dental Hygiene celebrates 75 years of commitment to care
1994 dental hygienists in New Zealand to work publicly and privately.

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Global oral hygiene education and timeline of legislation

? Recognition of professional law in the first State or Province.
The first license is issued.
? First training at US Allied Headquarters.
Ãƒ,Ã‚Â§For the canton selected first; in 1991 for all the cantons.

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Training

Australia

Dental hygienists in Australia must be graduates of the dental hygiene program, with an advanced diploma (TAFE), an associate degree, or a more general degree from a dental hygiene school accredited by the Australian Dental Council (ADC).

In Australia, this is a legal requirement for oral health experts/oral therapists to be registered with the Australian Dental Council before practicing their scope in periodontology in any state or territory in Australia.

Dental Hygienists' Association of Australia (DHAA) Inc., established in 1975, is the top agency representing registered dental healthcare providers in Australia. A dentalist does not need to be employed by a dentist but can independently assess patients and make treatment plans within the scope of their practice while working in the community. Practice as autonomous decision makers, and work within the scope of just what they are "formally" trained. The National Law requires the same level of professional responsibility from dental hygienists, oral health therapists and dentalists as well as from dentists, dental specialists and dental prosthetists that all practitioners must have their own indemnity and professional radiation indemnity insurance. They are also required to complete 60 hours of continuous sustainable profession development in a three-year cycle.

Bachelor of Mouth Health is the most common degree program. Students entering a bachelor's degree program must have a high school diploma or equivalent. Most Mental Health Bachelor programs now qualify students both as dental hygienists and dentalists, who are collectively known as oral health therapists.

Canada

Dental hygienists in Canada must complete a diploma program, which can take 19 months to 3 years to complete. All dental hygiene students must pass the NDHCB exam (NDHCB) upon graduation. This check is offered three times per year, January, May and September. Three universities in Canada offer a Bachelor of Science degree in Dental Hygiene: Dalhousie University, University of Alberta, University of British Columbia. [2] [3] [4]

Dental hygiene in Canada is a highly respected career with many opportunities. These possibilities include working in clinical, administrative, educational, research and public health positions. Wages vary across the country; from about $ 32 per hour in some areas to as high as $ 55 per hour elsewhere. The surplus of new dental hygiene graduates in recent years has resulted in decreased wages in some areas.

Some downfall to practice in different provinces is different regulations. For example, in BC, health professionals can not provide care without patients receiving dental checks in the previous 365 days unless the hygiene practitioner has an additional task module (module of population care). In AB, BC, MB and SK, hygiene experts also provide local anesthesia if eligible to do so. [5] [6] [7] [8] In Ontario, dental hygienists can take further training to become restorative dental hygienists. Registered dental hygienists must register annually on 31 December. Ontario dental hygienists must also prove their sustainability by maintaining a professional portfolio each year. In Ontario, dental hygienists are enrolled in the College of Dental Hygienists of Ontario (CDHO).

Dental hygienists in BC, ON, NS and AB can open their own private clinics and train without a dentist on staff.

New Zealand

Since 2006, New Zealand dentists have been trained at Otago University in Dunedin (at the only Medical School in the country) or at Auckland University of Technology. Qualification (Bachelor of Oral Health in Otago, Bachelor of Health Sciences in Oral Health at AUT) enables graduates to apply for and train as both dental and dental hygienists.

Prior to this, dental hygienists were first trained domestically in 1974 for use in the New Zealand Defense Force. The one-year course was taught by Royal New Zealand Dental Corp. at Burnham's military base outside Christchurch. Short hygiene training was offered at the Wellington School for Dental Nurses in 1990 as 2 weeks as a supplement for Dental Therapy student training. However, this is quickly stopped.

The first independent non-military training began in 1994. Otago Polytechnic began offering a 15-month Certificate in Dental Hygiene in Dunedin. In 1998, the program was changed to a 2-year Diploma. Otago Polytech stopped offering the course in 2000. The following year, Otago University began offering a 2 year Diploma in Dental Hygiene qualification. In 2002, the university added a three-year Bachelor's Degree in Health (validated in Dental Hygiene) throughout the Diploma. The course was discontinued in 2007, when the 3-year Mental Health Bachelor is now starting.

To practice, all hygiene specialists must register annually to the Dental Board. For the 2014-2015 cycle, this fee is $ 669.07. One janitor is represented on the Board for a period of three years.

Dental hygienists can become members of the New Zealand Dental Hygiene Association. The association was founded in 1993, and is affiliated with the International Federation of Dental Hygienists.

United States

Dental hygienists in the United States must be graduates of the dental hygiene program, either with an associate degree (the most common), a certificate, a bachelor's degree or a master's degree from a dental hygiene school accredited by the American Dental Association (ADA)).

All dental hygienists in the United States must be licensed from the country in which they practice, after completing a minimum of two years of school and passing a written board known as the National Board of Dental Examination as well as board clinical examination. After completing these exams and licenses, dentists may use "R.D.H" after their names to indicate that they are registered dental hygienists. Dental hygienists should also be licensed in the country where they intend to practice. State licensing requirements vary, but most states require a degree in Dental Hygiene, completion of a successful state licensing examination, as well as a clinical examination normally administered by the state.

Dental hygiene programs usually require general education courses and special courses for dental hygiene. An important general education course for dental health degrees includes college level algebra, biology, and chemistry. Special courses for dental hygiene may include anatomy, oral anatomy, materials science, pharmacology, radiography, periodontology, nutrition, and clinical skills.

The Bachelor of Science in Dental Hygiene is usually a four-year program. Students entering a bachelor's degree program are required to have a high school diploma or equivalent, but many dental hygienists with associate degrees or certifications go to a degree program to broaden their clinical expertise and help advance their careers.

A bachelor's degree in dental health is usually a two-year program and completed after a bachelor's degree. General postgraduate courses in dental hygiene include Healthcare Management, Lab Instruction, and Clinical Instruction.

In addition, the American Dental Hygiene Association has defined higher levels of dental hygiene, Advanced Hygiene Practitioners or otherwise known as dental therapists.

Dental hygiene students perform free oral practical examinations at some institutions that have expressed flaws in recent years.

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Direct access to dental hygiene

Dental hygienists in some parts of North America can provide oral hygiene based on patient needs assessment without dental authorization, treat patients in the absence of dentists, and also maintain patient-provider relationships.

India

The Dental Hygienist Course in India is a full-time 2 year diploma program. The Hygienist Dental Course is organized and controlled by the Indian Dental Board. After completing the dental hygiene course must register with the state dental board. Any person who is a registered dentist in a country can practice such practices in another country. The Federation of Indian Hygiene Dentists Association (FIDHA) is the main national body representing the dental hygiene profession in India, but some state dental hygiene associations also work at the state level. In India, dental professionals do not need to be employed by a dentist but can have their own clinic.

Canada

British Columbia

1995 - A client should see a dentist in 365 days in advance so hygienic can provide dental hygiene.

2012 - The new home budget offers an exemption from the 365 day rule if the hygienist is enrolled in the Full Enrollment class (365 Days Exclusion Class).

Alberta

2006 - Dental hygienists can offer their services in many practice venues including self-employed practices.

Manitoba

2008 - If a dental hygienist has been practicing for more than 3000 hours, and the client does not have a complicated medical condition then the hygienist does not require dental supervision.

Ontario

2007 - A registered dental hygienist in Ontario approved by Ontario's College of Dental Hygienists can practice independently.

United States

California

1998 - Dental hygienist listed in alternative practices (RDHAP): RDHAP can provide services for people living at home or in residential facilities, schools, institutions and in areas of professional dental shortage without dental supervision. RDHAP can provide patient care for up to 18 months and longer if patients get prescriptions for additional oral care from a dentist or doctor.

Colorado

1987 - Unattended Practice: Hygienic experts may have their own dental hygiene practices; there is no requirement for dental authorization or supervision for most services. Colorado is currently the only state approved. The case was won by JoAnn Grant, a dental hygienist from Fort Collins, CO.

Connecticut

1999 - Dental hygiene: dental hygiene can practice without supervision in institutions, public health facilities, group homes, and schools as long as they have two years of work experience.

Maine

2008 - Independent dental hygiene practice: A licensed dentist with independent practice may work without a dentist supervision, provided that a dental hygienist must complete 2,000 hours of clinical practice work for two years before applying for an independent license, as well as a degree from a hygiene program teeth accredited by CODA or completing 6,000 hours of clinical practice for six years before applying for an independent license, as well as a partner degree from the accredited dental CODA dental program.

Michigan

2005 - PA 161 Tooth hygiene: health experts with grant status may work in a public or nonprofit environment, a school or nursing home that manages dental care for low-income residents. Dentists collaborating with dental hygienists do not need to be present to authorize or manage care. However, dental hygienists should have the availability to communicate with the dentist to review patient records and make emergency protocols. Hygiene experts should apply to the state public health department for the status of the grantee.

Washington

1984 - Unattended practices: dental hygiene practices without dental supervision are allowed in hospitals, group homes, nursing homes, home health institutions, state institutions Healthcare and Human Services, prisons and public health facilities as long as hygienists refer their patients to dentists for treatment. Hygiene experts should have at least two years of work experience in the last 5 years.

Famous dental hygiene

Janet Gardner
Esther Wilkins

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References

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External links

Important Facts About Dental Hygiene at American Dental Hygienists' Association

Source of the article : Wikipedia

Dental hygienist

Sabtu, 07 Juli 2018

Dental hygienist

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