Mental hospital , also known as mental hospital , mental health unit , mental hospital or just mental hospital , is a hospital or ward that specializes in the treatment of serious mental disorders, such as clinical depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Psychiatric hospitals vary in size and gradation. Some hospitals may specialize only in short-term or outpatient therapy for low-risk patients. Others may specialize in temporary or permanent care of residents who, as a result of psychological disorders, require routine, care, or specialist and controlled assistance. Patients are often volunteered, but the people the psychiatrist believes may pose a significant danger to themselves or others may be the subject of unintentional commitments. Psychiatric hospitals can also be referred to as psychiatric wards (or "psych" wards ) when they are a subunit of an ordinary hospital.
The modern psychiatric hospital evolved from, and eventually replaced the older mental hospital. Treatment of prisoners in early mental hospitals is sometimes brutal and focused on detention and restraint. With a wave of successive reforms, and the introduction of effective evidence-based care, most modern psychiatric hospitals place great emphasis on treatment, and strive if possible to help patients control their own lives in the outside world, using a combination of psychiatric and psychotherapy. The exception is in Japan, where many mental hospitals still use physical restraint in patients, tying them to their beds for days or even months at a time.
The crisis stabilization unit is basically the emergency department for psychiatry, which often deals with people who want to commit suicide, abusive, or critical people. Open units are psychiatric units that are not as safe as crisis stabilization units. Another type of mental hospital is the mid-term, which provides care for several weeks. In the UK, both crisis acceptance and mid-term care are usually provided in acute acceptance wards. The teen or teenage environment is part of a psychiatric hospital or psychiatric ward that is set aside for children or adolescents with mental illness. Long-term care facilities have the goal of rehabilitation and return to the community for a short period of time (two or three years). Another institution for mental illness is a community-based half-way home.
Video Psychiatric hospital
Histori
The modern psychiatric hospital evolved from, and eventually replaced the older mental hospital. The development of modern psychiatric hospitals is also the story of the emergence of organized institutional psychiatry. Moral treatment and mental illness, as opposed to isolation, was first pioneered in the Islamic world by physicians whose mental patient care is considered a religious obligation under the Qur'anic verse. Do not give the property that God has entrusted to a madman, but feed and seal them with this property and speak kindly to them. This is very different from the reigning view in which mentally ill people are viewed as under the influence of Satan and therefore need to be isolated from society. The first psychiatric hospital was built by Muslims in Baghdad in 705 AD, under the leadership of the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid bin Abdul Malik. Others quickly followed, with some of the more famous ones built in Cairo in 800 AD and in Damascus in 1270 AD. Doctors in the Islamic world will create and use a variety of treatments, including occupational therapy, music therapy, and medicine.
Western Europeans will adopt this view later with doctor advances such as Philippe Pinel at BicÃÆ'ªtre Hospital in France and William Tuke at York Retreat in England. They advocate seeing mental illness as a disorder requiring loving care that will help in the rehabilitation of the victim. The arrival in the Western world of institutionalization as a solution to the problem of insanity is a nineteenth-century event. The first public psychiatric hospital was founded in England; the passing of the County Asylums Act 1808 law empowers judges to build tariff-supported hospitals in every region to accommodate many 'insanely'. Nine districts were first implemented, opening the first public sanctuary in 1812 in Nottinghamshire. In 1828, the newly appointed Commissioners in Lunacy were empowered to grant permission and supervise the private hospital. The Lunacy Act of 1845 makes the construction of a mental hospital in each country mandatory by regular inspection on behalf of the Minister of the Interior. The law requires that hospitals have written regulations and have resident doctors.
In the early nineteenth century there were several thousand "sick people" who were stationed at different institutions across Britain, but by 1900 that number had risen to about 100,000. This growth coincides with the growth of alienism, which came to be known as psychiatry, as a medical specialty. Treatment of prisoners in early psychiatric hospitals is sometimes very brutal and focused on detention and restraint.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, terms such as "madness," "madness" or "madness" - all of which are considered as psychotic unity - are divided into many "mental illnesses," in which catatononia, melancholy and dementia praecox (modern schizophrenia) is the most common in psychiatric institutions.
In 1961, sociologist Erving Goffman described the theory of "total institutions" and the processes needed to maintain predictable and orderly behavior in the "guard" and "kidnapper" sections, which show that many features of such institutions. serve ritual functions to ensure that both classes of people know their social functions and roles, in other words "institutionalize" them. Asylum is the key text in de-nationalization development.
With a wave of successive reforms, and the introduction of effective evidence-based care, modern psychiatric hospitals place great emphasis on treatment, and strive if possible to help patients control their own lives in the outside world, with the use of a combination of psychiatric medicine and psychotherapy. This treatment can be done by force. Unconscious care is one of many psychiatric practices questioned by the mental liberation movement of mental patients. Most mental hospitals now restrict internet access and any device that can take photos. In the US state of Connecticut, patients who are forced to be examined annually by a court-appointed psychiatrist. Patients may also apply for discharge at any time and receive full hearing on the application.
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Type
There are a number of different types of modern psychiatric hospitals, but they all accommodate people with varying mental illness.
Stabilization crisis
The crisis stabilization unit is basically the emergency department for psychiatry, which often deals with individuals who are suicidal, abusive, or critical.
Open unit
Open units are psychiatric units that are not as safe as crisis stabilization units. They are not used for people who want to commit suicide; the focus in these units is to make life as normal as possible for the patient while continuing the treatment to the point where they can be discharged. However, patients are usually still not allowed to keep their own medicine in their room, due to the risk of impulsive overdose. While some open units are physically opened, other open units still use locked and outgoing entrances depending on the type of patient being treated.
Medium term
Another type of mental hospital is the mid-term, which provides care for several weeks. Most of the drugs used for psychiatric purposes take several weeks to apply, and the main purpose of this hospital is to monitor patients during the first few weeks of therapy to ensure effective treatment.
Teenage ward
The teenage environment is part of a psychiatric hospital or psychiatric ward that is set aside for children or adolescents with mental illness. However, there are a number of institutions that only specialize in the treatment of adolescents, especially when dealing with drug abuse, self-harm, eating disorders, anxiety, depression or other mental illness.
Long-term care facilities
In the UK, long-term care facilities are now being replaced with smaller security units (some within the hospitals listed above). Modern buildings, modern security, and locally located to aid reintegration into society after treatment have stabilized the conditions are often a feature of these units. An example of this is the Three Bridge Units, on the grounds of St Bernard Hospital in West London and John Munroe Hospital in Staffordshire. However, these modern units have both short-term and two-year treatment and rehabilitation goals and not all patient care can meet these criteria, so the large hospitals mentioned above often maintain this role.
These hospitals provide stabilization and rehabilitation for those who experience difficulties such as depression, eating disorders, other mental disorders, and so on.
Halfway house
One type of institution for mental illness is a community-based half-way home. These facilities provide life support for patients with mental illness for a long period of time, and often assist in the transition to independence. These institutions are regarded as one of the most important parts of the mental health system by many psychiatrists, although some areas lack sufficient funds.
Political imprisonment
In some countries, mental institutions may be used in certain cases for the detention of political prisoners, as a form of punishment. An important historical example is the use of psychiatric punishments in the Soviet Union and China.
Secure units
In Britain, a criminal tribunal or Home Affairs Minister may order acceptance of offenders to be held in hospital under various sections of the Mental Health Act, although the term "criminal mad" is no longer recognized legally or medically. Secure psychiatric units exist in all areas of the UK for this purpose; In addition, there are a small number of Specialist Hospitals that offer care and care under high security conditions. These facilities are run by the National Health Service, which carries out psychiatric assessments and can also provide care and accommodation in a safe hospital environment where patients can be prevented from escaping and there is a reduction in the risk of harm to others and themselves.
This safe hospital facility is divided into three main categories and is referred to as High, Medium and Low Security. Although a phrase often used by newspapers, there is no classification such as "Maximum Safe". Low Safe units are often incorrectly referred to as "Safe Local" because patients are held there often by local criminal courts for psychiatric assessments before punishment.
Utilization of community hospital
Community hospitals across the United States regularly see mental health disposal. A study of community hospital debit data from 2003-2011 showed that inpatient mental health improved for both children (patients aged 0-17 years) and adults (patients aged 18-64). Compared to the use of other hospitals, mental health dumping is the slowest hospital treatment for children, but the fastest hospital care is increasing for adults under 64. Several units have been opened to provide "Improved Care Therapy" and so form a subcategory for the three main ones.
The general public is familiar with the names of the Higher Sustainability Hospital because of the frequencies mentioned in news reports about the people who were sent there. Those in England include, Ashworth Hospital in Merseyside; Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire and Rampton Secure Hospital in Retford, Nottinghamshire and in Scotland is The State Hospital, Carstairs. Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man have their own Safe Medium and Low units but use terrestrial faculty for High Secure, the smaller Channel Islands also transfer their patients as the Reference Out of Area under the Mental Health Act 1983. Of the Medium Secure units, there are more than this number scattered throughout the UK. In 2009 there were 27 women only units in the UK alone. Irish units included in the prisons in Portlaise, Castelrea, and Cork.
Criticism
American psychiatrist Thomas Szasz insisted that the psychiatric hospital was like a prison, not a proper hospital, and that psychiatrists who made others coercive functioned as judges and wardens, not doctors. The French historian Michel Foucault is widely known for his comprehensive criticism of the use and abuse of the psychiatric system in Madness and Civilization. He argues that Tuke and Pinel's hospitals are a symbolic recreation of the condition of a child under the bourgeois family. It is a microcosm symbolizing the massive structure of bourgeois society and its values: the Family-Child relationship (father authority), Prevention-Mistakes (direct justice), Madness-Disorder (social and moral order).
Erving Goffman coined the term "Total Institution" for psychiatric hospitals and similar places that take over and limit a person's life. Goffman places the psychiatric hospital in the same category as concentration camps, prisons, military organizations, orphanages, and monasteries. In his book Asylum Goffman describes how the institutionalization process socializes people into the role of a good patient, a person "boring, harmless and inconspicuous"; in turn, it reinforces the notion of chronicity in severe mental illness. The Rosenhan experiment of 1973 shows the difficulty of distinguishing sane patients from crazy patients.
Franco Basaglia, a prominent Italian psychiatrist who inspired and is the architect of psychiatric reform in Italy, also defined mental hospitals as an oppressive, locked and total institution in which prisons, such as punishment rules applied, to gradually eliminate their own contents, and patients, doctors and nurses are all subject (at different levels) to the same institutional process. American psychiatrist Loren Mosher notes that the psychiatric institution itself gives him a master class in the art of "total institution": labeling, unnecessary dependence, induced and denied helplessness, degradation ceremonies, authoritarianism, and the primacy of their institutional needs from those people was there to serve-patient.
The anti-psychiatric movement that emerged in the 1960s has opposed many practices, conditions, or the existence of a mental institution. Consumer movement/psychiatric survivors often objected or campaigned against conditions in psychiatric hospitals or their use, voluntarily or unintentionally. The mental liberation movement of the patient is firmly opposed to accidental care but generally has no problem with any consensus psychiatric treatment, provided that both parties are free to withdraw consent at any time.
See also
- Deinstitutionalization
- History of mental illness
- History of psychiatric institutions
- Institutional syndrome
- The Kirkbride Plan
- Mental health legislation
- MindFreedom International
- New Freedom Commission for Mental Health
- Psychiatric survivor movement
- Misuse of political psychiatry in the Soviet Union
- Salutogenesis, the best practice methodology for the design of psychiatric facilities.
- Care Advocacy Center, volunteer support group
To see a list of individual companies: see index category for mental hospitals; which appears at the very bottom of this article.
References
External links
- History of Camarillo State Mental Hospital
- Historical Asylum Website
- Asylum Project - Asylum wiki database
- "AlterNet: Movie Mix: A Must See Movie On The Extension of the Rough Teens Correction Program" . Retrieved 2007-07-08 .
- National Resource Center on Psychiatric Instructions
- The Kirkbride Building History and photos of the early psychiatric hospital
- List of Asylum List TheTimeChamber Lists Asylum Insane Victorian in United Kingdom
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- : Mental hospital
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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