Walter Earl Barton , M.D. (1906-1999) is an American physician, a psychiatrist administrator, and a leader in American psychiatry.
Barton was born in Oak Park, Illinois and grew up in Elmshurst, Illinois, where he studied in a public school. During high school he suffered foot injuries and football infection infections, which caused his interest in becoming a doctor. At school, he plays a trombone and edits the year book.
Barton attended the University of Illinois and graduated from the University of Illinois Medical School. He earned his M.D. in 1931. He wrote his thesis on S. Weir Mitchell, a prominent neurologist and psychiatrist. She had planned to study obstetrics, but when she was an intern at the West Suburban Hospital in Oak Park, Illinois, she was persuaded to spend a year in psychiatry. He was recommended to practice at Worcester State Mental Hospital in Massachusetts and he stayed there until 1942, first as a psychiatric resident then as an assistant supervisor. The supervisor of the Worcester State Mental Hospital was then William Bryan, a physician who wrote the first book on mental administration. Barton wrote his first publication in 1934 on pericardial bleeding in scurvy.
Barton began his military career in 1937, when he joined the Guard National Army. He also began teaching at the Smith College School of Social Work. In 1938, he spent a year at National Hospital, Queens Square in London to study neurology, and then returned to Worcester State Mental Hospital to be trained as an administrator under Bryan. In 1942, his National Guard unit was deployed but he was declared an important medical officer and stayed at the hospital. Later that year, he worked at the Walter Reed Army Medical Hospital in Washington, DC (now Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland) and then assigned to the Valley Forge General Hospital in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, which is under construction. He complained about the construction of a psychiatric unit. His criticism of rehabilitation activities in the US Army led to his assignment in the Army's occupational therapy unit and to develop a rehabilitation program for the blind and deaf. He also helped develop the Army Reconstruction Program. His work in the army earned him the Legion of Merit Medal.
Barton wanted an overseas assignment and was sent to Leyte in the Philippines as station medical hospital commander. In 1945, he was promptly taken back at the request of the Massachusetts Governor to supervise Boston State Hospital. He left the military service as a lieutenant colonel.
Barton found the Boston State Hospital in terrible conditions: there were only six doctors and 20 nurses to cover 2,600 patients. Buildings have been neglected and patient care inhumane. Barton's first job was to recruit doctors and nurses (his military experience to raise his acquaintance with many of the qualified staff he recruited for the hospital). She started a training program and research activities at the hospital.
In 1946, Barton began his ministry as a consultant to the Veterans Administration (VA) and the National Institute of Mental Health. Both organizations are building their programs in training and research, and become active in psychiatric organizations. He was appointed to the Joint Commission for Mental and Disease Medicine established by the US Congress to consider the entire field of mental health ailments and to recommend improvements in medical care. He worked with the Commission for six years producing the book, Action for Mental Health, a blueprint for psychiatry for the future in the United States.
Barton remained at Boston State Hospital from 1945 to 1963, when he went on to serve as Medical Director of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) from 1963 to 1974. He was elected President of APA in 1961-1962. He was involved with many organizations: the director of the American Council of Psychiatry and Neurology from 1962 to 1970 (president, 1970); member of the Housing Review Committee for Psychiatry and Neurology for the American Medical Association from 1966 to 1989, a Merger of the American College of Mental Health Administration in 1970, a member of the Massachusetts Council for Mental Health in 1929, a member of the Council of Medical Specialty Societies in the year 1929, and the Group for Advancement of Psychiatry (president, 1951).
In 1958, Barton received a grant from the Commonwealth Fund (Massachusetts) that allowed small groups to visit psychiatric facilities in Western Europe to study programs for chronic psychiatric patients. Barton published their findings in 1961 at Impressions of European Psychiatry.
His career as a teacher began in 1931 as a lecturer for nurses, residents, and students at Worcester State Hospital. He taught at Clark University from 1940 to 1942, at Tufts Medical School between 1960 and 1963, Boston University School of Medicine between 1963 and 1989, and professor who later became professor emeritus at Dartmouth Medical School from 1974 to 1989.
Barton participates actively in many community organizations including the Occupational Therapy Association (president, 1951), the Board of Directors of the Charity Association of Worcester, Worcester Child Counseling Clinic, YMCA Worcester, Christian Social Concern Council of the Methodist Church in Washington, DC, American Mental Hygiene Society, and Vermont State Mental Health Council from 1986 to 1987.
He also received many awards: Nolan D.C. Lewis Award in 1962, Salmon Medal from the New York Academy of Medicine in 1974, and the honorary D.Sc. from the University of Illinois Medical School. He was an Honorary Fellow at the Royal College of Psychiatry in London in 1972, a Fellow of the Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatry in 1970, an honorary member of the Eastern Psychiatric Association, an honorary member of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, and member The associated Indian Psychiatric Society.
His publications include fourteen books and about 200 journal articles.
Barton died in Vermont in 1999.
Video Walter Earl Barton
Work
Barton, Walter E. "Perikardial Hemorrhage Complicating Scurvy," Jurnal Kedokteran New England 210 (Maret 1934): 529-531.
Barton, Walter E. "Study of Sick Leave at Worcester State Hospital," Hospital 15 (January 1941): 85-88.
Barton, Walter E. "The Rehabilitation of the Blind at the Army Hospital," Outlook for the Blind 37 (September 1943): 191-195.
Barton, Walter E. "Rehabilitation Services for the Blind and Deaf," Journal of the American Medical Association (1943): 41.
Barton, Walter E. "Army Expanding Occupational Therapy Program," Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation (1943): 247.
Barton, Walter E. "So He Was Hurted," The Red Cross Courier (1943-1944): 21.
Barton, Walter E. "Army Program Progress Report for Rehabilitation of Grumps," Listening to the News (1944): 6, 7-14.
Barton, Walter E. "Healthy Attitudes to War Injuries," Community Health Care (1944): 74-79.
Barton, Walter E. "Recondition of Neuropsychiatric Patients," Menninger Clinical Bulletin (1944): 138-140.
Barton, Walter E. "Training Program for Occupational Therapists in the US Army," Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation (1944): 281-283.
Barton, Walter E. "Do and Do Not Do in Military Occupational Therapy," Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation (1944): 121-123.
Barton, Walter E. "Recondition Program at Army Hospital," Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation (1944): 174-178.
Barton, Walter E. "Current Status of Rehabilitation in the United States Army," Journal of the American Medical Association (1944): 256-258.
Barton, Walter E. "Recondition and Rehabilitation Program at Army Hospital," American Journal of Psychiatry (1944-1945): 608-613.
Barton, Walter E. "Program Rekondisi Convalescent untuk Korban Neuropsikiatrik di Angkatan Darat AS," Proceedings of Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases (1946): 271-284.
Barton, Walter E. Administration in Psychiatry . Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1962. Second edition with Gail M. Barton, 1983.
Barton, Walter E., and Gail M. Barton. Ethics and Laws in Mental Health Administration . New York: International Universities Press, 1984.
Barton, Walter E. Presidential Papers, 1961-1962 . Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1963.
Barton, Walter E., et al. European Psychiatric Impressions . Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1961.
Barton, Walter E. Moments of Insanity: Remembering Life at State Hospital in the 1930s . Lebanon, NH: Whitman Communications, 1996.
Barton, Walter E., and Gail M. Barton. Shrink Time for Health Administrator . Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance Publishing Co., 1999.
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References
Andrews, Jonathan, dkk. The History of Bethlem . London; New York: Routledge, 1997.
Hunter, Richard A., and Ida Macalpine. Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry, 1535-1860: History Presented in Selected English Text . London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1963.
Joint Commission as a Mental Illness and Health. Action for Final Reporation of Mental Health t. New York: Basic Books, 1961.
Parry-Jones, William LI. Merchandise Trading: A Study of Private Honey Homes in England in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Era. London: Routledge & amp; Kegan Paul, 1972.
Porter, Roy. Madness: Short History . Oxford; New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002.
Scull, Andrew T. The Most Solitary of Afflictions: Madness and Society in England, 1700-1900 . New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1993.
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