A dentist , also known as a dental surgeon, is a surgeon specializing in dentistry, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and oral conditions. Dentist support teams help provide oral health services. Dental teams include dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and in some states, dental therapists.
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History
Medieval
In China and France, the first person to do dentistry was a barber. They have been categorized into 2 different groups: barber union and commoner barber. The first group, the Guild of Barbers, was created to distinguish more educated and qualified dental surgeons from the commoner barber. Barber gangs are trained to perform complex operations. The second group, the common barber, is qualified to perform routine hygiene services such as shaving and tooth extraction as well as basic operations. However, in 1400 France made a decision prohibiting barber layman from practicing all types of operations. In Germany and France from 1530 to 1575 publications devoted entirely to dentistry are being published. Ambrose Pare, often known as Mr. Surgery, publishes his own work on proper dental care and care. Ambrose Pare is a French barber surgeon who does dental work for several French kings. He is often credited for raising the status of a barber surgeon.
Modern dentistry
Pierre Fauchard of France is often referred to as "the father of modern dentistry" for being the first to publish a scientific book (1728) on dentistry techniques and practice. Over time, trained dentists immigrated from Europe to America to practice dentistry, and in 1760, America had its own birth-born dentist. Newspapers used at the time to advertise and promote dental services. In America from 1768-1770 the first application of dentistry to verify forensic cases was being pioneered; this is called forensic dentistry. With the emergence of dentists there is also the emergence of new methods to improve the quality of dentistry. This new method includes a spinning wheel for turning drills and seats made specifically for dental patients.
In the 1840s, the first dental schools and national dental organizations in the world were founded. Along with the first dental school comes the establishment of a Dentist Dentistry degree, often referred to as a DDS degree. In response to the improvement of new dentists as well as dental techniques, the first dental practice was established to regulate dentistry. In the United States, the First Dental Practice Act requires a dentist to pass every state board medical exam to practice dentistry in the state. However, because dental action is rarely enforced, some dentists do not comply with the law. From 1846-1855 new dental techniques are being created such as the use of anesthesia ester for surgery, and a cohesive gold foil method that allows gold to be applied to the cavity. The American Dental Association was founded in 1859 after a meeting with 26 dentists. Around 1867, the first university connecting established dental schools, Harvard Dental School. Lucy Hobbs Taylor was the first woman to have a dentist. In the 1880s, tube toothpaste was created that replaced the original form of liquid paste or toothpaste. New dental boards, such as the National Association of Dental Examiners, were created to establish standards and uniformity among dentists. In 1887 the first dental laboratory was established; Birth teeth are used to make dentures and crowns that are specific to each patient. In 1895, dental X rays were discovered by a German physicist, Wilhelm Rontgen.
In the 20th century new dental techniques and technologies were created such as: porcelain crown (1903), Novocain (local anesthesia) 1905, precision cast filler (1907), nylon toothbrush (1938), water fluoridation (1945), fluoride toothpaste (1945) 1950), air-driven gears (1957), lasers (1960), electric toothbrushes (1960), and home tooth whitters (1989) were found. Inventions such as air-driven dental devices deliver new high-speed dentistry.
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Training
All dentists in the US must graduate from high school and complete required courses such as general biology, general chemistry, organic chemistry, physics, statistics, and calculus. While almost all dental schools require at least a bachelor's degree (4 years of college education), some select may consider receiving exceptional students after only 3 years of college, although this is very rare. To enroll, students must follow the Dental Acceptance Test (DAT). The Dental Acceptance Test consists of four battery tests: Natural Science Survey, Perceptual Ability, Reading Understanding, and Quantitative Reasoning. Recommended by the American Dental Association that students take a DAT one year prior to admission. Entrance to the school is very competitive. While special prerequisite courses may vary by program, entry to the dental school is generally determined on the basis of factors such as GPA (Overall and STEM), DAT scores, research, dental/medical engagement, letters of recommendation, and extracurricular activities. To become a licensed dentist, one must complete an accredited dental school curriculum and successfully master all clinical competencies and national board exams. Most dental curriculums require four years of training; However, some countries require the dentist to complete a postgraduate residence program as well (eg New York). Countries such as California and Connecticut accept PGY-1 residence in place of regional licensing exams. In the US, a newly graduated dentist is then awarded DDS, Dentist, degree or DMD, Doctor of Dentistry, a degree depending on attended dental school. The degree is equivalent. A newly graduated dentist can then resume specialized residency training ranging from 2 to 6 years in one of the recognized specialties. In addition, dentists are required to participate in continuing education where they attend college to study the latest developments, practice new methods, and earn hours of continuing education throughout their careers.
Responsibility
Naturally from their general training, licensed dentists can perform most dental care such as restorative (dental restoration, crown, bridge), orthodontic (braces), prosthodontics (dentures, crowns/bridges), endodontic therapy (root canal) periodontal (Gum) therapy, and oral surgery (tooth extraction), as well as performing the examination, taking radiographs (x-rays) and diagnosis. In addition, dentists may be further involved in oral surgical procedures such as the placement of dental implants. Training and further qualifications are usually required for dentists who wish to perform dental implant treatments. Dentists can also prescribe drugs such as antibiotics, fluorides, pain killers, local anesthetics, sedatives/hypnotics and other drugs that serve in the treatment of various conditions that appear on the head and neck.
Dentists need to take additional qualifications or training to perform more complex procedures such as general anesthesia, oral and maxillary surgery, and implants. While many oral diseases are unique and self-limiting, poor conditions in the oral cavity can lead to poor general health and vice versa. Conditions in the oral cavity may be indicative of systemic diseases such as osteoporosis, diabetes, AIDS, different blood diseases (including malignancy and lymphoma) etc.
Several studies have shown that dentists and dental students are at high risk for fatigue. During fatigue, the dentist experiences fatigue, distance himself from work and performs less efficiently. A systemic study identifies the risk factors associated with this condition such as the young age of the practitioner, personality type, gender, educational status, high occupational strain and/or working hours, and the burden of clinical degree requirements. The authors of this study concluded that an intervention program at an early stage during the undergraduate level can provide a good strategy practitioner to prepare/address this condition.
Specialization
Official specialization
- Community dental hygiene - Study of dental epidemiology and social health policy.
- Endodontics - Root canal therapy and dental pulp disease study.
- Oral and maxillofacial pathology - Study, diagnosis, and occasionally treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases.
- Oral and maxillofacial radiology - Radiological and maxillofacial disease studies and interpretations.
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery - MaxilloFacial extraction, implant, and surgery which also includes correction of congenital facial deformities.
- Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics - Dental deformation and midface modification and mandibular growth.
- Periodontology (periodontics) - Study and treatment of gum disease (non-surgical and surgical) and placement and maintenance of dental implants
- General dentistry
- Cosmetic dentistry
- Child dentistry (formerly pedodontic) - Dentistry for children
- Prosthodontics - Dentures, bridges and dental implants (restoring/placing). Some prosthodontists continue their training in "oral and maxillofacial prosthodontics", which is a discipline associated with the replacement of missing facial structures, such as the ears, eyes, nose, etc.
Specialists in this field are designated "enrolled" (in the United States, "eligible councils") and guarantee exclusive titles such as dentists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, dentists, dentists, periodontists or prosthodontists after fulfilling the requirements of accreditation local specific. , "Board Certified").
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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