Military Health Systems is a company within the US Department of Defense that provides health care for active duty and retired US Military personnel and their dependents. Its mission is to provide health support for various military operations and maintain the health of everyone entrusted to MHS care.
Its main mission is to maintain the health of military personnel, so that they can carry out their military missions; and to provide health care during wartime. Often described as a medical preparedness mission, these efforts involve medical testing and recruitment screening, emergency medical care of troops involved in hostilities, and maintenance of their physical standards in military service.
MHS also provides, where space is available, health care for dependents of active duty service members, retirees and dependents, and for some ex-spouses. Such care has been available since 1966, (with limitations and additional payments), through the Civil Service and Medical Program of Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) and its successor, TRICARE. In October 2001, TRICARE's benefits were extended to retirees and dependents 65 years and older. In 2013, the Defense Health Agency replaces TRICARE.
MHS has a budget of $ 50 billion and serves approximately 10 million beneficiaries, including active duty personnel and families and pensioners and their families. The actual cost of having a government-run health care system for the military is higher because the wages and benefits paid to military personnel working for MHS and retirees who previously worked for them are not included in the budget. MHS employs over 137,000 in 65 hospitals, 412 clinics, and 414 dental clinics at facilities across the country and around the world, as well as in contingents and combat theater operations worldwide.
Video Military Health System
History
Before the Civil War, medical care in the military was given largely by regimental surgeons and surgeons. While efforts are being made to build a centralized medical system, the provision of care is largely local and limited. Treatment for illness and injury, by modern standards, primitive.
The Civil War saw an increase in medical science, communications and transport that made victim collection and care more centralized more practical.
In World War I, the US Army Medical Department expanded and expanded its organization and structure. Treatment begins in the battlefield and is then transferred to a better level of medical ability. Much of this capability lies in the combat room so soldiers can easily be returned to tasks whenever possible.
Expansion continued during World War II, but without the benefit of organizational plans.
After World War II, the US Government's Executive Branch was reorganized. The Department of War and the Department of the Navy are merged into one Department of Defense. This causes friction between the medical corps of the Army and the Navy. Furthermore, the Air Force, originally part of the Army, was created as a separate military service with its own separate Medical Office.
Changes in the perception of health care after World War II and the assessment of medical services provided to dependents led to Congress to reevaluate the health care benefits that depended on the late 1950s. Changes in the tax laws have encouraged businesses and industries to start offering health care benefits as work incentives. The Department of Defense estimate of 1956 is that 40 percent of active duty responsibilities have no access to federal facilities due to distance, incomplete medical coverage at a federal facility, or due to service saturation at military care facilities. The Congress responded by passing the 1956 Deposit Medical Treatment Act and the Military Medical Benefits Amendment of 1966. These acts created a program known as the Civil and Medical Health Program of Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS).
In the late 1980s, due to rising costs, demanding document demands and general beneficiary dissatisfaction, DOD launched a series of demonstration projects. Under a program known as CHAMPUS Reform Initiative (CRI), a contractor provides related health care and administration services, including claims processing. The CRI project is one of the first to introduce managed care features into the CHAMPUS program. Beneficiaries under CRI are offered three options: options such as a health maintenance organization called CHAMPUS Prime that requires registration and offers better benefits and low cost shares, preferred organizational options such as CHAMPUS Extra that require the use of network providers in return for a fee share lower, and standard CHAMPUS options that continue the freedom of choice in choosing a provider and higher cost and deductible parts.
Although DOD's initial intention under CRI was to provide three competitive bidding contracts covering six countries, receiving only one offer, from the Foundation Health Corporation (now Health Net) covering California and Hawaii. The Foundation provided services under this contract between August 1988 and January 1994.
In late 1993, driven by the requirements of the DOD Elimination Act for Fiscal Year 1994, DOD announced plans to be implemented in May 1997 of a nationally managed care program for MHS. Under this program, known as TRICARE, the United States will be divided into 12 health care areas. An administrative organization, the main agent, is appointed to each region and coordinates the health care needs of all military maintenance facilities in the region. Based on TRICARE, seven managed care support contracts were awarded covering 12 DOD health care areas.
TRICARE has been restructured several times, with the territory of the contract redrawn, Basic Rearrangement and Closing, and by adding the "TRICARE for Life" benefit in 2001 to those eligible for Medicare, and "TRICARE Reserve Select" in 2005.
Maps Military Health System
Scope of coverage
In 2010, approximately 1.3 million of the 12.5 million non-elderly veterans in the United States did not have health insurance coverage or access to Veterans Affairs (VA) health care, according to a 2012 report by the Urban Institute and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation that using data 2010 from the National Census Bureau and Health Survey 2009 and 2010 (NHIS). The report also found that:
- When a veteran family member was included, the uninsured total rose to 2.3 million.
- An additional 900,000 veterans use VA health care but have no other coverage.
- Uninsured veterans are more likely to be males (90%), non-Hispanic whites (70%), unmarried (58%) and high school degree (41%).
- More than 40% younger than 45.
US Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, enacted in 2010, have provisions intended to facilitate uninsured veterans for coverage. Under the law, veterans with income at or below 138% of the Federal Poverty Line ($ 30,429 for families with four persons in 2010) will be eligible for coverage in January 2014; this group includes nearly 50% of veterans who are currently uninsured. Another 40.1% of veterans and 49% of their families have incomes eligible for new subsidies through health insurance exchanges with PPACA.
In addition, most of Tricare's plans are now exempt from complying with the new health care law under PPACA. Some bills have been proposed since the PPACA was enacted in 2010, including the latest, 358, "Access to Contraception for Women Servicemembers and Dependents Act of 2015" sponsored by Senior Senator from New Hampshire Jeanne Shaheen. Based on most of the current Tricare plans (with the exception of Prime), health benefits are not considered "insurance", and do not include 100% female contraception without cost sharing, deductibles, or joint payments. Women's military members and female dependents of service members continue to pay pocket for contraceptive services they receive at a civilian office under a plan such as the Tricare Standard, where services are not provided at the Military Care Facility by a doctor or DoD contractor. However, the Military Health System, the Defense Health Agency, and Tricare all advertise that they meet the "minimum essential coverage" standard for all military servicemembers. In addition, the Financial Services and Defense Accounting Report for service members for the Internal Revenue Service each year that every Tricare-qualified Tricare servicemember has health benefits that meet the "minimum essential coverage" requirement, although Tricare coverage does not meet the minimum coverage criteria.
Components
Led by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs, the Military Health System covers several core organizational areas including:
- Defense Health Agency (DHA)
- Forced Health Protection and Readiness (FHP & amp; R)
- Uniform Service of University of Health Sciences (USU)
- Center for Defense of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury (DCOE)
MHS also includes the medical departments of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Joint Chiefs of Staff; Combatant Command surgeon; and TRICARE providers (including private sector healthcare providers, hospitals and pharmacies).
Facilities
See Category: military medical facilities United States.
See also
- Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs
- Military medicine
- United States Army Surgeon General
- United States Navy Surgeon General
- United States Air Force Surgeon General
- TRICARE
- Uniform Service of University of Health Sciences
- US Family Health Plan
- Program Groups Activity Budget Program Defense Health
References
- This article incorporates public domain material from the documents of the United States Government "Task Force for the Future of Military Health Care: Final Report".
- This article incorporates public domain material from a United States Government document "Military Medical Care Services: Questions and Answers".
- This article incorporates public domain material from a United States Government document "Unification of Military Health Systems: A Half-Aged Debate Is Solved".
- This article incorporates public domain material from a United States Government document "Defense Health Care: Despite Repair of TRICARE Procurement, Remaining Issues".
External links
- Military Health System
- TRICARE/TRICARE Management Activity (TMA)
- Forced Health Protection and Readiness (FHP & amp; R)
- University Uniform Services for Health Sciences (USU)
- Center for Defense of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury (DCOE)
- Office of Information Officer (MHS-OCIO)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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