"Many studies have seen the role of women and family care, although not all have addressed gender and special care issues, the results can still be generalized to
- Estimated age of informal family or informal caregivers ranging from 59% to 75%.
- The average nanny is 46 years old, women, married and working outdoors earning an annual income of $ 35,000.
- Although men also provide help, caregivers can spend as much as 50% more time to provide care than a male nanny. "
In the developed world
United States
According to the US Department of Health and Human Services, the older population - people aged 65 years or older - totaled 39.6 million in 2009. They represent 12.9% of the US population, about one in every eight Americans. By 2030, there will be about 72.1 million older people, more than twice their number in 2000. People aged 65 years older represent 12.4% of the population in 2000 but are expected to grow to 19 % of the population. by 2030. This will mean more demand for elderly care facilities in the coming years. There are more than 36,000 aid facilities assisted in the United States in 2009, according to the US-led federation of federation in 2009. More than 1 million senior citizens are served by this assisted living facility.
Last year's cost was 22% of all medical expenses in the United States, 26% of all Medicare spending, 18% of all non-Medicare spending, and 25 per cent of all Medicaid spending for the poor.
In the United States, most large multi-facility providers are publicly owned and managed as nonprofit businesses. There are exceptions; The largest provider in the US is the Good Evangelical Society of Evangelicals Lutheran, a nonprofit organization that manages 6,531 beds in 22 states, according to a 1995 study by the American Health Care Association.
A relatively new service in the United States that can help keep the elderly in their homes longer is a quiet treatment. This type of treatment allows caregivers to have the opportunity to go on a vacation or business trip and know that their elder has good quality temporary care, since without this assistance the elder may have to move permanently to an outside facility. Another unique type of care treatment in a US hospital is called an acute care unit of the elderly, or an ACE unit, that provides "home-like settings" within a dedicated medical center for the elderly.
In Canada, non-profit and non-profit private managed facilities exist. Due to cost factors, some provinces operate publicly funded public facilities run by each provincial or territory Health Department, or the government may subsidize the cost of the facility. At this care home, elderly Canadians can pay their care on a shear scale based on annual income. The scale assigned to them depends on whether they are considered "Long Term Care" or "Life aided." For example, beginning in January 2010 seniors living in British Columbia subsidized "Long Term Care" (also called "Housing Care") will pay 80% of their after-tax income except after their Tax Revenue is less than $ 16,500. The "Assisted Living" tariff is calculated as simple as 70% of Income After Tax. As seen in the province of Ontario, there is a waiting list for many long-term care homes, so families may need to use home health care services or pay to stay in private retirement homes.
Australia
Adult care in Australia is designed to ensure that every Australian can contribute as much as possible to their care costs, depending on their individual income and assets. This means that people pay only what they can afford, and the Commonwealth government pays what the population can not do. The Australian legal authorities, the Productivity Commission, conducted an elderly care review beginning in 2010 and reporting in 2011. The review concluded that approximately 80% of care for elderly Australians is the informal care provided by family, friends and neighbors. Approximately one million people receive government-subsidized elder care services, most of them receiving low-level community care assistance, with 160,000 people in permanent housing care. Spending on elderly care by all governments in 2009-10 is about $ 11 billion.
The need for increased number of treatments, and known weaknesses in the system of care (such as the shortage of skilled labor and allotment of available treatment sites), led to several reviews in the 2000s to conclude that the elderly care system in Australia needed reform. This culminated in the 2011 Productivity Commission report and subsequent reform proposals. In keeping with Longer Life, Better Life 2013 amendments, assistance is provided according to assessed care needs, with additional supplements available to people who experience homelessness, dementia and veterans.
Australian Care is often considered complicated due to state and federal funding. In addition, there are many acronyms that customers need to know, including ACAT, ACAR, NRCP, HACC, CACP, EVERY, EACH-D and CDC (Consumer-Recommended Care) to name a few.
English
Care for parents in the UK is increasingly rationed according to a joint report by Dana Raja and Nuffield Trust. People are allowed to fight without their own support. A larger number of parents need help because of the aging but underpaid population to help them. One million people in need of care do not get formal or informal assistance.
In developing countries
Nepal
Due to health and economic benefits, life expectancy in Nepal jumped from 27 years in 1951 to 65 in 2008. Most of the elderly Nepalese, about 85%, live in rural areas. Therefore, there is a significant shortage of government sponsored programs or homes for parents. Traditionally, parents live with their children, and today, it is estimated that 90% of parents live in their family homes. This figure changes as more children leave home for work or school, leading to solitude and mental problems in Nepal's elderly.
The Ninth Five-Year Plan includes a policy of caring for the elderly who are left without children as caregivers. The Senior Health Facility Fund has been established in each district. Guidelines for the Implementation of the Senior Citizens Health Facility Program, 2061BS provides medical facilities for the elderly, and for those affected by poverty, free medical treatment and health care in all districts. In its annual budget, the government has planned to finance free health care for all patients with heart and kidney over the age of 75 years. Unfortunately, many of these plans are too ambitious, which has been recognized by the Nepalese government. Nepal is a developing country and may not be able to fund all these programs after the development of the Old Age Benefit, or OAA. OAA provides monthly salary for all citizens over 70 and widows over 60.
There are several private daycare facilities for the elderly, but are limited to the capital. This daycare service is very expensive and can not be reached by the general public.
Thai
Thailand has observed a growing global pattern of elderly classes: such as fertility driven controls and medical advances made, births shrink and age of life. The Thai government is concerned and concerned about this trend, but tends to let families take care of their elderly members rather than making foreign policy for them. In 2011, there were only 25 state-sponsored homes for the elderly, with no more than a few thousand members per home. Such programs are mostly run by volunteers and are questioned by the quality of care, given there is not always a guarantee to be available. Personal care is difficult to follow, often based on assumptions. Because children tend not to care about their parents, caregivers are urgently needed. Volunteer NGOs are available but in very limited numbers.
Though of course there are programs available for use by seniors in Thailand, the question of justice has increased since their introduction. The rich elderly in Thailand are much more likely to have access to care resources, whereas poorer elderly are more likely to actually use the health care they obtain, as observed in a study by Bhumisuk Khananurak. However, more than 96% of the nation have health insurance with varying levels of care available.
India
The Indian cultural view of elderly care is similar to that in Nepal. Parents are usually cared for by their children to old age, most often by their son. In these countries, elderly people, especially men, are highly regarded. Traditional values ​​require honor and respect for older and wiser people. India faces the same problem with many developing countries as its human population is increasing very rapidly, with the current forecast of 90 million over the age of 60. Using data on the health and life conditions of India's 60th National Sample Survey, a study found that nearly a quarter of the elderly reported poor health. Poor health reports are grouped among the poor, single, low-educated and economically inactive.
Under the eleventh Five-Year plan, the Indian government has made many steps similar to Nepal. Article 41 of the Constitution of India states that the elderly will be guaranteed Social Security support for health care and welfare. Part of the 1973 Criminal Procedure Code, which refers to its traditional background, mandates that children support their parents if they are no longer self-sufficient. NGOs, however, are prevalent in the care of elderly Indians, providing homes and voluntary care, but government policies and organizations are accessible.
China
Aging population is a challenge throughout the world, and China is no exception. Due to the one-child policy, migration of rural/urban and other social changes, the traditional long-term care (LTC) for the elderly through direct family care in the past will no longer suffice. Nothing new yet now, both institutional and community-based services need to be expanded to meet the growing need. China is still in the early stages of economic development and will be challenged to develop these services and train staff.
Differences are generally made between medical and non-medical care, the care provided
by non-medical professionals. The latter is very unlikely to be covered by insurance or public funds. In the US, 67% of a million or more residents in living facilities are assisted paying care from their own funds. The rest get help from family and friends and from state institutions. Medicare does not pay unless nursing care is required and is provided in a certified care facility or by a skilled nursing agent at home. Assisted living facilities usually do not meet Medicare requirements. However, Medicare pays a number of skilled treatments if elderly people meet the requirements for Medicare home health benefits.
Thirty-two US states are paying care at living facilities assisted through their Medicaid abandonment program. Similarly, in the UK the National Health Service provides medical care for parents, as for all, is free at point of use, but social care is only paid by the state in Scotland; England, Wales and Northern Ireland have not introduced legislation on this issue, so today social concerns are only funded by public authorities when someone has run out of their personal resources, for example, by selling their home. The money provided to support parents in the UK has fallen by 20% per person for ten years from 2005 to 2015 and in real terms falling even more. Experts claim that vulnerable British people do not get what they need.
However, elderly care is focused on meeting the expectations of two customer levels: regular customers and purchasing customers, which are often not identical, because families or public officials rather than residents may provide maintenance costs. When residents are confused or having difficulty communicating, it may be very difficult for relatives or other concerned parties to ensure the standard of care provided, and the possibility of elderly abuse is a source of ongoing concern. The Adult Protection Services Agency - a component of human services agencies in most countries - is usually responsible for investigating reports of domestic elderly abuse and providing family assistance and guidance. Other professionals who may be able to help include doctors or nurses, police officers, lawyers, and social workers.
Video Elderly care
Promoting independence
Promoting self-sufficiency in self-care can provide older adults with the ability to retain independence for longer and can leave them with a sense of accomplishment when they complete the task without help. Older adults who need help with daily living activities are at a greater risk of losing their independence with self-care tasks as dependent personal behavior often filled with reinforcement from caregivers. It is important for caregivers to ensure that measures are implemented to preserve and promote functionality rather than contribute to lowered status in older adults with physical limitations. Caregivers should be aware of the actions and behaviors that cause older adults to become dependent on them and need to allow older patients to retain as much independence as possible. Providing information to older patients about why it is important to do self-care can enable them to see the benefits of independently doing self-care. If older adults are able to complete their own self-care activities, or even if they need supervision, encourage them in their endeavors because maintaining independence can give them a sense of accomplishment and the ability to sustain independence for longer.
Maps Elderly care
Increase mobility
Mobility impairment is a major health problem for older adults, affecting 50% of people over 85 and at least a quarter of those over the age of 75. When adults lose the ability to walk, to climb stairs, and to rise from a chair, they become completely defective. The problem can not be ignored because people over 65 are the fastest growing segment of the US population.
Therapies designed to improve mobility in elderly patients are usually built around diagnosing and treating certain disorders, such as reduced strength or poor balance. It is appropriate to compare older adults who seek to improve their mobility to athletes who want to improve their split time. People in both groups do their best when they measure their progress and work toward specific goals related to strength, aerobic capacity, and other physical qualities. Someone who tries to improve the mobility of older adults should decide what disorder to focus, and in many cases, there is little scientific evidence to justify any of the options. Today, many caregivers choose to focus on strength and foot balance. New research shows that the speed of the extremities and core strength can also be an important factor in mobility.
Family is one of the most important providers for parents. In fact, most caregivers for the elderly often become members of their own families, most often girls or grandchildren. Family and friends can provide homes (eg Have elderly relatives living with them), help with money and meet social needs by visiting, taking them out on trips, etc.
One of the main causes of falling elderly is hyponatremia, electrolyte disturbance when sodium levels in a person's serum fall below 135 mEq/L. Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder encountered in the elderly patient population. Studies have shown that older patients are more susceptible to hyponatremia as a result of several factors including physiologic changes associated with aging such as decreased glomerular filtration rate, a tendency to damaged sodium conservation, and increased vasopressin activity. Mild hyphotatremia increases the risk of fracture in elderly patients because hyponatremia has been shown to cause subtle neurological disorders that affect gait and attention, similar to moderate alcohol intake.
Legal issues about disability
Legal inability is an invasive and sometimes difficult legal procedure. This requires that a person petition with a local court, stating that the parent does not have the capacity to engage in activities which include making medical decisions, voting, giving gifts, seeking public benefit, marrying, managing property and financial affairs, choosing where to live and with whom they socialize. Most state laws require that at least two doctors or other health professionals, provide a report as evidence of such incompetence and that person should be represented by a lawyer. Only then can individual legal rights be removed and legal oversight by the guardian or conservator begins. The legal guardian or conservator is the person who delegates the responsibility of acting on behalf of the disadvantaged and must regularly report his activities to the court.
The less restrictive alternative to legal inability is the use of "Advanced Directives"; power of lawyers, beliefs, living wills and health care directives. People who have these documents in place, should prepare them with their lawyers when the person has the capacity. So, when the time comes when the person does not have the capacity to carry out the tasks listed in the document, the person they name (their agent) can step in to make a decision on their behalf. The agent has an obligation to act as the person who will own and in accordance with their best interests.
See also
- Food preferences in adults and older elderly
- Gerontology
- House automation for the elderly and disabled
- Transgeneration design
References
This article incorporates public domain material from a United States Government document "A Profile of Older Americans: 2010, Department of Health & Human Services".
Further reading
- Eliminate Barriers to Mental Health Care: A Guide for Massachusetts Parents, Families and Caregivers , American Mass Association, Third Edition, 2008.
- Vieillissement et enjeux d'amÃÆ'  © nagement: considers ÃÆ' diffÃÆ'  © rentes ÃÆ'  © chelles (ed by Paula Negron-Poblete and Anne-Marie Sà ©  © guin), Presses de l'Università ©  © du QuÃÆ'  © bec, 2012. ISBNÃ, 978-2-7605-3428-5
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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