Eli Lilly (July 8, 1838 - June 6, 1898) was an American soldier, pharmacist, chemist, and entrepreneur who founded the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company. Lilly enrolled in the Union Army during the American Civil War and recruited a male company to serve with him at 18 Independent Battery Indiana Light Artillery. He was later promoted to major and then colonel, and was given command of the Indiana Cavalry 9th Regiment. Lilly was arrested in September 1864 and held prisoner of war until January 1865. After the war, he tried to run a plantation in Mississippi, but failed and he returned to his pharmacy profession after the death of his first wife. Lilly remarried and worked with business partners at several pharmacies in Indiana and Illinois before opening her own business in 1876 in Indianapolis. The Lilly Company manufactures pharmaceuticals and markets them wholesale to pharmacies. Lilly's pharmaceutical company proved successful and he soon became rich after making many advances in the manufacture of drugs. Two of the early advancements that he pioneered were creating gelatin capsules to contain drugs and develop fruit flavorings. Eli Lilly and Company became one of the first pharmaceutical companies of its kind to be a dedicated research department staff and implement quality assurance measures.
Using his wealth, Lilly was involved in various philanthropic activities. He handed the company management to his son, Josiah K. Lilly, Sr., around 1890 to give more time for him to continue his involvement in charitable organizations and civil advancement. Colonel Lilly helped found the Commercial Club, the predecessor of the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce, and became the principal patron of the Indiana Charity Society's charity. He personally funded a children's hospital in Indianapolis, known as the Eleanor Hospital (closed in 1909). Lilly continued her active involvement with many other organizations until her death from cancer in 1898.
Colonel Lilly is an advocate of the federal regulations of the pharmaceutical industry, and many of his proposed reforms were passed into law in 1906, resulting in the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. He is also among the pioneers of the concept of prescription, and helps shape what is common practice of giving addictive or dangerous drugs only to those who first see a doctor. The company he founded has since grown into one of the largest and most influential pharmaceutical companies in the world, and the largest company in Indiana. Using the wealth generated by the company, his son, J. K., and grandchildren, Eli Jr. and Josiah Jr. (Joe), founded Lilly Endowment in 1937; he remains one of the greatest charity benefactors in the world and continues Lilly's philanthropic legacy.
Early life
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Eli Lilly, son of Gustavus and Esther Lilly, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 8, 1838. His family was of Swedish descent and moved to a lowly French state before his great-grandfather immigrated to Maryland in 1789. When Eli, the first of eleven children, was still an infant , his family moved to Kentucky, where they eventually settled on a farm near Warsaw in Gallatin County.
In 1852 the family settled in Greencastle, Indiana, where Lilly's parents enrolled him in Indiana Asbury University (later known as DePauw University). Eli attended classes from 1852 through 1854. He also assisted in local printing as a devil printer. Lilly grew up in the Methodist household, and her family was a prohibited and anti-slave; their beliefs became part of their motivation to move to Indiana. Lilly and her family were members of the Democratic Party during the early days of their lives, but they became Republicans during the years leading up to the Civil War.
Lilly became interested in chemicals as a teenager. In 1854, while on a trip to visit his aunt and uncle in Lafayette, Indiana, sixteen-year-old Lilly visited Good Samaritan Goods Shop Henry Lawrence, a local pharmacy store, where she watched Lawrence prepare pharmaceutical medicines. Lilly completed a four-year apprenticeship with Lawrence to become a chemist and pharmacist. In addition to learning to mix chemicals, Lawrence taught Lilly how to manage funds and run a business. In 1858, after obtaining a certificate of proficiency from his apprenticeship, Lilly left Good Samaritan to work for Israel Spencer and Sons, a wholesaler and retailer in Lafayette, before moving to Indianapolis to take a position at Perkins and Coons Pharmacy.
Lilly returned to Greencastle in 1860 to work at the Jerome Allen drugstore. He opened his own drugstore in town in January 1861, and married Emily Lemon, daughter of a Greencastle merchant, on January 31, 1861. During the early years of their marriage, the couple lived in Greenfield. The couple's son, Josiah Kirby, later called "J. K.", was born on 18 November 1861, while Eli served in the military during the American Civil War.
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Careers
American Civil War Service
In 1861, a few months after the start of the American Civil War, Lilly was enrolled in the Union Army. He joins the 21st Indiana Infantry Regiment and begins work on July 24th. Lilly was assigned as second lieutenant on July 29, 1861. On August 3, Indiana 21st reached Baltimore, Maryland, where she stayed for several months. Lilly resigned from his post in December 1861 and returned to Indiana to form an artillery unit.
In early 1862 Lilly actively recruited volunteers for his unit among his classmates, friends, local merchants, and farmers. He has a recruitment poster made and posted around Indianapolis, promising to form an "Indiana crack battery". The unit, The 18th Battery, Indiana Light Artillery, is known as the Lilly Battery and consists of six, three-inch rifles and 150 men. Lilly was assigned as captain in the unit. Indiana 18th was deployed to serve at Camp Morton in Indianapolis on August 6, 1862, and spent a short while to drill before being sent to battle under Major General William Rosecrans in Kentucky and Tennessee. Lilly's artillery unit was transferred to the Lightning Brigade, an infantry installed under Colonel's command, then General, John T. Wilder on December 16, 1862.
Lilly was elected to serve as its battery commander from August 1862 until the winter of 1863, when her three-year registration expired. His only previous military experience was in the Lafayette, Indiana militia unit. Some artillery people think it's too young and too pushy; However, despite his initial experience, Lilly became a competent artillery officer. The battery plays an important role in several important battles, including the Battle of the Hoover Gap in June 1863 and in the Second Battle of Chattanooga and the Battle of Chickamauga in September 1863.
In 1864, when Lilly's term ended, he withdrew from his commission and left Indiana to 18th. Lilly joined the 9th Indiana Cavalry (Regiment 121 Indiana Volunteers) and was promoted to the majors. At the Battle of Sulfur Creek Trestle in Alabama in September 1864, he was captured by Confederate forces under the command of Major General Nathan B. Forrest and held in a prisoner-of-war camp in Enterprise, Mississippi until his release in a prisoner exchange in January 1865. Lilly was promoted to colonel on June 4, 1865, and stationed in Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1865 when the war ended. In recognition of his services, he was embraced to the rank of lieutenant colonel and consulted with the ninth cavalry in Indiana on 25 August 1865.
Later, Lilly earned a large atlas and marked the path of his movement in war and the location of combat and small battles. He often uses atlases when telling war stories. Her colonel title stayed with her for the rest of her life, and her friends and family used it as her nickname. Lilly served as chairman of the Republican army, veterans of the Union Civil War, in 1893. During his tenure he helped organize an event that brought tens of thousands of Union war veterans, including Lilly's batteries, together in Indianapolis for reunions and large parades.
Initial business
After the war, Lilly remained in the South to start a new business venture. Lilly and her business partner rented a 1,200-acre cotton plantation in Mississippi. Lilly went to Greencastle, Indiana, and returned with his wife, Emily, his sister, Anna Wesley Lilly, and son, Josiah. Shortly after the move, the whole family was hit by mosquito-borne diseases, probably malaria, which was common in the region at that time. Although the others recovered, Emily died on August 20, 1866, eight months pregnant with the second son, who was stillborn. Death destroys Lilly; she wrote to her family, "I can hardly tell you how it's staring at me... it's a bitter, bitter reality... Emily is dead." Lilly left the farm and returned to Indiana. Plantations fall into ruin and drought causes crops to fail. Lilly's business partner, who could not keep the plantation because of the dry season, was lost with the rest of the money. Lilly was forced to file for bankruptcy in 1868. Lilly worked to resolve the situation on the estate and look for another job while her young son, Josiah, lived with Colonel Lilly's parents in Greencastle. In 1867, Lilly found a job at Harrison Daily and Company, a wholesale drug company. In 1869 he began working for Patterson, Moore and Talbott, another drug wholesaler, before he moved to Illinois to set up a new business. In 1869 Lilly left Indiana to open a drug store with James W. Binford, his business partner. Binford and Lilly opened the Red Drug Store in Paris, Illinois, in August 1869.
In November 1869, Colonel Lilly married Maria Cynthia Sloan. Immediately after their marriage, they called his son, Josiah, who lives in Greencastle, to join them in Illinois. The only child Eli and Maria, a girl named Eleanor, was born on January 25, 1871, and died of diphtheria in 1884 at the age of thirteen. Mary died in 1932.
Although business in Illinois is profitable and allows Lilly to save money, she is more interested in drug manufacturing than running a pharmacy. Lilly began to devise a plan to set up her own drug wholesale company. Lilly left a partnership with Binford in 1873 to return to Indianapolis, where he opened a drug-making operation on January 1, 1874, called Johnston and Lilly with John F. Johnston as his partner. Three years later, on March 27, 1876, Lilly dissolved the partnership. Its share of assets amounts to about $ 400 in merchandise (some equipment and some gallons of unmixed chemicals) and about $ 1,000 in cash.
As Lilly approached Augustus Keifer, a wholesale druggist and family friend, for work, Keifer encouraged Lilly to set up her own drug manufacturing business in Indianapolis. Keifer and two related drug stores agreed to buy their drug from Lilly at a lower cost than what they currently pay.
Eli Lilly and Company Founder
On May 10, 1876, Lilly opened her own laboratory in a rented two-story building (now dismantled) on 15 Western Pearl Street and began producing medicines. The sign for the business reads "Eli Lilly, Chemist". Lilly's production business starts with $ 1,400 ($ 31,163 in 2015 chained dollars) in working capital and three employees: Albert Hall (head compounder), Caroline Kruger (bottling and product completion), and fourteen-year-old son Lilly, Josiah has quit school to work with his father as an apprentice.
Lilly's first innovation was gelatin-coated pills and capsules. Other early innovations include fruit flavor and sugar pills, which make the drug easier to swallow. Following his experience with low-quality medicines used in the Civil War, Lilly is committed to producing only high-quality prescription drugs, in contrast to common and often ineffective patent medicines that day. One of the first drugs he produced was quinine, a drug used to treat malaria, which resulted in a "tenfold" increase in sales. Lilly's product gained a reputation for quality and became popular in the city. By the end of 1876, the first year of its business, sales reached $ 4,470 ($ 99,499 in 2015 chained dollars), and by 1879 they had grown to $ 48,000 ($ 1,221,086 in 2015 chained dollars).
As sales expanded rapidly he started getting customers outside Indiana. Lilly hired her brother, James, as her first full-time salesperson in 1878. James, and the next sales team that developed, marketed the company's drugs nationwide. Other family members are also employed by growing companies; Lilly's cousin Evan Lilly was hired as a bookkeeper and her grandchildren, Eli and Josiah (Joe), employed to perform duties and do other strange work. In 1881, Lilly officially merged the company with Eli Lilly and Company, elects the board of directors, and issues shares for family members and close associates. By the late 1880s, Colonel Lilly had become one of the leading businesspeople in the Indianapolis area, with a company of over one hundred employees and $ 200,000 ($ 5,276,296 in 2015 chained dollars) in annual sales.
To accommodate its growing business, Lilly obtained additional facilities for research and production. Lilly's business remained at the Pearl Street location from 1876 to 1878, then moved to a larger place in South Meridian 36. In 1881 he bought a building complex on McCarty Road and Alabama, south of downtown Indianapolis, and moved the company to his new headquarters. Other businesses follow and the area develops into the main industrial and manufacturing area of ​​the city. In the early 1880s the company also began making its very successful first product, called Succus Alteran (a treatment for venereal disease, rheumatic types, and skin diseases). Product sales provide funds for corporate research and additional expansions.
Believing that it would be an advantage for his son to gain greater technical knowledge, Lilly sent Josiah to Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1880. After returning to the family business in 1882, Josiah was appointed laboratory supervisor. In 1890, Lilly handed over day-to-day business management to Josiah, who manages the company for thirty-four years. The company grew despite the tumultuous economic conditions of the 1890s. In 1894, Lilly bought a factory to use solely for making capsules. The company made several technological advances in the manufacturing process, including capsule production automation. Over the next few years, the company annually creates tens of millions of capsules and pills.
Although there are many other small pharmaceutical companies in the United States, Eli Lilly and the Company differentiate themselves from others by having permanent research staff, creating superior techniques for mass drug production, and a strong focus on quality. At first, Lilly was the company's only researcher, but as the business grew, she set up a research laboratory and hired someone who was dedicated to creating new drugs. Lilly hired her first full-time research chemist Ernest G. Eberhards and botanist Walter H. Evans in 1886. The department's research method was based on Lilly's. He emphasizes on quality assurance and institutionalized mechanisms to ensure that the drugs produced will be effective and functioning as advertised, have the right combination of ingredients, and have the right dose of medication on each pill. He was aware of the addictive and dangerous nature of some of his medications, and pioneered the concept of giving such drugs only to those who first saw doctors to determine if they needed medication.
Maps Eli Lilly
Next life
By the time he retired from his business, circa 1890, Lilly was a millionaire who had been involved in civil affairs for several years. Later, he became increasingly more philanthropic, providing funds to charity groups in the city.
Philanthropy
In 1879, with a group of twenty-five other entrepreneurs, Lilly began sponsoring the Charity Organization Society and soon became the primary protector of her Indiana chapter. The Society joins other charitable organizations to form the Indianapolis Family Welfare Society, the pioneer of the Central Indiana Family Service Association and the United Way. Related groups organize charity groups under a central leadership structure that allows them to easily interact and help people better by coordinating their efforts and identifying areas with the greatest need.
Lilly is particularly interested in driving economic growth and general development in Indianapolis. He strives to achieve that goal by supporting local commercial organizations financially and through his personal advocacy and promotion. In 1879 he made a proposal for a public water company to meet the needs of the city, which led to the formation of the Indianapolis Water Company.
In 1890 Lilly and other civil leaders founded the Commercial Club; Lilly was elected as her first president. The club, renamed the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce in 1912, was the main vehicle for Lilly's development purposes. It was very helpful in making various advances for the city, including paved streets in the city, elevated railways to allow vehicles and people to pass under them, and the city sewage system. Companies that provide these services are created through private and public investments and are operated at low cost; in practice they belong to the company's customers, which slowly buy back every company from its original investors. The model then followed another area in Indiana to set up a water and electricity company. Commercial Club members also helped fund the creation of parks, monuments and memorials, and managed to attract investment from employers and other organizations to expand the growing industry in Indianapolis.
After the Gas Explosion began sweeping the country in the 1880s, Lilly and other Commercial Club members advocated the formation of a public company to pump natural gas off the ground, deliver it to Indianapolis from Trenton Gas Field, and provide it at a low cost to businesses and homes. This project leads to the establishment of a Gas Trust Company, named Lilly. Gas companies provide cheap heating fuel that makes city life much more desirable. Further gas is used to create electricity to run the first public transportation business in Indianapolis, the tram system.
During Panic of 1893, Lilly made a commission to help provide food and shelter for the affected poor. His work with the commission made him donate personal funds and property to the Flower Mission of Indianapolis in 1895. Lilly's major donation enabled him to set up Eleanor Hospital, a children's hospital in Indianapolis named in honor of his deceased daughter. Hospitals take care of children from families who have no money to pay for routine medical care; closed in 1909.
Lilly's friends often urged him to seek public office, and they tried to nominate him to run for Indiana as a Republican in 1896, but he refused. Lilly avoided public office, preferring to focus her attention on her philanthropic organization. He regularly endorsed candidates, and made substantial contributions to politicians who advanced the cause. After former Indiana governor Oliver P. Morton and others proposed the creation of monuments for many Civil War veterans in Indiana, Lilly began raising funds to build the Soldiers of Indiana and Sailors Monument. Construction began in 1888, but the monument was not completed until 1901, three years after Lilly's death. The inside monument houses a museum of civil war, founded in 1918, named in the honor of Lilly.
Colonel Lilly's main resident is a large house in Indianapolis on Tennessee Street (renamed Capitol Street in 1895), where he spends most of his time. Lilly, a diligent fisherman, built a family holiday cottage on Lake Wawasee in Kosciusko County, Indiana, in 1886-87. He enjoys regular holidays and recreations on the lake since the early 1880s. Lilly also founded the Wawasee Golf Club in 1891. Lilly's lakeside property became a family haven. His son, Josiah, built his own cottage on the estate in the mid-1930s.
Lilly had cancer in 1897 and died at her home in Indianapolis on June 6, 1898. The funeral was held on June 9 and was attended by thousands of people. His body was buried in a large cemetery at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis.
Legacy
At the time of Lilly's death in 1898, his company had a product line of 2,005 items and annual sales of over $ 300,000 ($ 8,547,600 in chained 2015 dollars). His son, Josiah, inherited the company after his father's death, and became president in 1898. Josiah continued to expand its operations before handing it to his own sons, Eli Jr. and Josiah Jr. (Joe).
Lilly's son and two grandchildren, as well as Lilly's company, continued Lilly's philanthropic endeavors. Eli Lilly and Company played a key role in providing medicine to victims of the devastating San Francisco 1906 earthquake. In 1937, Lilly's son and grandson founded Lilly Endowment, which became the world's largest philanthropic contribution in terms of assets and charitable giving in 1998. (Other legacies have exceeded that, but still remain among the top ten.)
Firma Lilly grew to become one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Under the leadership of son Lilly, Josiah (JK) and two grandsons, Eli and Joe, he developed many new innovations, including the pioneering and development of insulin during the 1920s, the production of penicillin during the 1940s, and the promotion of advances in medicine are produced in bulk. Innovation continued in the company after a public company was created in 1952; it develops Humulin, Merthiolate, Prozac, and many other drugs. According to Forbes, Eli Lilly and Company was ranked the world's 243 largest companies in 2016, with sales of $ 20 billion and a market value of $ 86 billion (USD). It is the largest charity and largest charitable company in Indiana.
Lilly's biggest contribution to industry is her standardized and methodical production of drugs, her dedication to research and development, and the therapeutic value of the drugs she creates. As a pioneer in the modern pharmaceutical industry, much of its innovation has become standard practice. Lilly's ethical reforms, in a trade marked by the odd claims of miraculous drugs, began a period of rapid advancement in the development of drugs. During his lifetime, Lilly advocated federal regulations on drugs; his son, Josiah, continued his advocacy following the death of his father.
Awards and awards
The Civil War Museum Colonel Eli Lilly, located under the Sailors and Soldiers Monument in Indianapolis, is named in Lilly's honor. It displays exhibits about Indiana during periods of war and war in general.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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