Forest Park (St. Louis)

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The Forest Park is a public park in west St. Louis, Missouri. It is a leading civilian center and covers 1,371 hectares (5.55 km ² ). Opened in 1876, more than a decade after its proposal, the park has held several key events, including the Louisiana Exposition of 1904 and the 1904 Summer Olympics. Limited by Skinker Boulevard, Lindell Boulevard, Kingshighway Boulevard and Oakland Avenue, as " Heart of St. Louis " and showcases a variety of attractions, including St. Zoo Louis, Saint Louis Art Museum, Missouri History Museum, and St. Louis Science Center Louis.

Since the early 2000s, the company has recovered a $ 100 million facility through a public-private partnership assisted by its Master Plan. Changes have been expanded to improve landscaping and habitat as well. The garden area includes meadows and trees and various ponds, man-made lakes, and fresh water streams. For several years, the park has restored the area of ​​grassland and wetlands in the park. It has reduced floods and attracted more species of birds and wildlife, which have settled in new natural habitats.

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Histori

Proposal awal

The 1864 plan for a large park at the city limits was denied by the electorate St. Louis. In 1872, the developer St. Louis, Hiram Leffingwell proposed a 1,000-acre (4.0 km) park about three miles (5 km) outside the city limits near the land it owns. After a period of intense lobbying by Leffingwell, the Missouri General Assembly authorized the city to purchase land; however, the city taxpayer opposed the purchase in court, and in 1873, the Missouri Supreme Court canceled the authorization. The next year another developer, Andrew McKinley, prepared another proposal that met the legal challenge. The selected tractate that became the Forest Park covers an area of ​​1,375 hectares of forest cover (5.56 km ² ) west of Kingshighway along Olive Street (now Lindell Boulevard).

Gardening

Using McKinley's proposal as a guide, in 1874 the General Assembly passed the Forest Garden Act, which established the park and created property taxes in the regions to fund it. In November 1874, the Missouri Supreme Court passed a new law and referred all land ownership and value questions to the circuit court. The largest land package needed for the park belonged to Thomas Skinker, Charles P. Chouteau, Julia Maffitt, and William Forsyth, who in 1874 and 1875 sold their land to the city. The city bought the land for $ 849,058, with another million dollars dedicated to maintenance and repairs.

The state of the park in 1876 was rural: on the east and west side of the park were paved roads (Kingshighway and Skinker Road, respectively). Flowing through the northern lowlands and turning southeast in the park is the River des Peres, which at that time is very low while in some seasons can flood the vast area. The southwestern part of the park is heavily forested land, and east-west Clayton Road flows through the southern part of the park. A railroad that cuts off the road at the northeast corner of the park.

Maximillian G. Kern and Julius Pitzman, St. Louis Surveyor who was born in Prussia, designed Park's original plan. The park is dedicated 24 June 1876 with a crowd of about 50,000 in attendance. Officials and bands occupied a stand and music podium, and dedicated a statue of Edward Bates, the Attorney General under President Abraham Lincoln. In the early 1890s, the tramway reached the park, carrying nearly 3 million visitors per year. After the closure of the city zoo during this period, the animals were transferred to a facility in the park.

Louisiana Purchase Exposition

In 1901, Forest Park was selected as the location of the 1904 World Exposition, known as the Louisiana Purchase Exhibition. The exhibition opened on April 30, 1904 and closed on December 1, 1904, and left the park very different. In addition to being fair, the park hosts diving, swimming and water polo events for the 1904 Summer Olympics. Fifteen sports offer Olympic competition events, but women can only compete in archery. The 1904 game was the first time African Americans were allowed to compete.

George Kessler, a fair landscape architect, dramatically transforms the park: wetlands in the western part of the park are dried and converted into water features and five connected lakes. Drains and drains installed during the exhibition remain in public use in the park. After the fair, thousands of trees planted and made vista. In 1909, the fair directors gave a balance of the rest of the proceeds from the fair to the construction of the monument to Thomas Jefferson, at the former gate of the Exhibition; when it was completed in 1913 it became the building of the Missouri History Museum. Other remaining structures of the exhibit include the Saint Louis Art Museum, the Apotheosis of St. Louis (French King Louis IX statue), 1904 Bird Cage, (now part of St. Louis Zoo), and Grand Basin, located at the foot of Art Hill, which is the site of the Festival Hall and cascades at the Fair. Although often mistakenly counted among the relics of the Fair, the Fair World Fair in the Forest Park is a later structure, built in 1909 with the results of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

The Palace of the Arts, a building now known as the Saint Louis Art Museum in the Forest Park, is divided into six classifications: paintings, paintings and carvings, sculptures, architecture, loan collections, and industrial arts. In addition to art exhibitions, many new things are showcased for the first time at the Exhibition. Electricity, still considered young at the time, was exhibited in several ways. The attendees at the Exhibition were fascinated by electric lighting, both inside and outside, of all important buildings and roads. The power plug and the outlet are also displayed. Two of the more prominent technological achievements shown are the x-ray machines and baby incubators.

River des Peres

At one time the River des Peres ran openly through the gardens, but due to sanitation issues, some were put underground in a wooden box shortly before the 1904 World Exhibition. In the 1930s, part of the Des Peres River flowing through the Forest Park was completely diverted under soil in large concrete pipes. Recently, an artificial park lake connecting the lake has been created. The river remains underground in the park.

Since the 2000s, the park has restored many grassland areas and wetlands in the park; This new habitat serves not only to reduce the flood, but also to attract more variations of birds and wildlife. They provide richer experiences for pedestrians and motorcyclists in the park, and the restored area is full of bird chirping.

Hospital rental controversy

In 1973, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, located opposite Kingshighway from the eastern end of the park, rented a land area in the Forest Park located in the south for the construction of an underground parking garage. After construction is completed, surfaces are restored and playgrounds installed; in 1983, the lease extended to 2050 and the garage expanded to over 1,900 spaces. Beginning in 2006, the hospital included the city to renegotiate the lease to allow for the construction of a building on the site, known as Hudlin Park (though part of the Forest Park). The hospital proposal also includes an extension of the lease by 46 years to 2096, providing hospitals 90 years of rentals. Under the proposal, the annual rent will increase from $ 150,000 to between $ 1.6 and $ 2.2 million. Hospitals are trying to rent more than 12 acres (49,000 m ² ) that will pay $ 2.2 million, or alternatively rent out the current 9.3 acre (38,000 m ^{2 ) that will pay $ 1.6 million per year.}

Based on a revised January 2007 proposal from the hospital, the city will receive $ 2 million for a lease of 9.3 hectares (38,000 m ² ), while the hospital will agree to make repairs for two areas in the Forest Park. In February 2007, to get support from the Financial Supervisor Darlene Green (one of the three members of the St. Louis Board of Directors and Board of Directors, the board recommending the lease proposal for Aldermen Board of Directors fully), the hospital agreed to build, fund and staff trauma center in North St. Louis. In the February 2007 revised proposal, the hospital also agreed to keep 15 percent of the land as green space.

Despite numerous protests, the proposal was submitted to the St. Louis, Aldermen. A group of activists called Citizens for Protecting a Forest Park collected 28,000 signatures to place the size of a ballot that would require voter approval throughout the city from all leases or sale of parkland. However, the size of the ballot was enacted in April 2007, two months after the rental revision was approved by the Board of Aldermen.

Maps Forest Park (St. Louis)

Use

The Forest Park has more than 12 million visitors per year, exceeding the number of annual visitors to both the Busch Stadium and the combined Gateway Arch National Park. The park has diverse patronage, including tourists and local visitors, visitors to park agencies, and special event customers, with about a third of customers living within ten miles (16 km) of the park, another third between 10 and 30 miles (48 km) km), and another third live beyond 30 miles (48 km) from the park. 88 percent of park visitors drive to the park, while the remaining 12 percent is shared between public transport and on foot or biking to the park. The park has eleven multi-modal access points, listed below by the edge of the park:

• East: Clayton Avenue (exit), Barnes Hospital Drive, West Pine Boulevard
• West: Forsyth Avenue, Wells Drive (entry)
• North: West Pine Boulevard, Union Drive, Cricket Drive, Debaliviere Place
• South: Tamm Avenue, Hampton Avenue

The Hampton Avenue entrance is used by about 60 percent of users entering the park; this has caused traffic congestion problems to become more problematic in recent years. To solve this problem, traffic has been diverted from the Hampton park entrance and trolley buses have been used to serve customers.

Forest Park hosts several annual cultural or entertainment events. Louis, including Forest Park Racing Balloon (hot-air balloon competition), LouFest Music Festival (August 27-28, 2011), Shakespeare Festival of St. Louis Louis, St. Louis Louis Earth Day Festival, and St. Africa Art Festival Louis. St. Wine Festival The annual Louis, Beer Heritage Festival, and St. Louis Micro-Fest (microbrewery show festival) is also held at Forest Park. In the winter months, Rumah Jaca Kotak Permata hosts a poinsettia event with holiday decorations. Forest Park also hosts athletic games, such as St. Louis Pace Series, Midnight Ramble (night cycling events), Forest Park Cross Country Festival, and various fundraising on foot. At Art Hill in early September, St. Louis Symphony Orchestra offers free outdoor concerts. The Saint Louis Art Museum is sponsoring free outdoor movie shows in the summer on the hill.

Fair Saint Louis was held for the first time here in 2014, due to renovation on the Gateway Arch grounds, which presents new opportunities for exhibitions. The exhibition began smoothly on 3 July.

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Features

The Forest Park is home to five of the region's major institutions: the Museum of St.. St. Louis, St. Louis Zoo St. Louis, Science Center St. Louis, Missouri History Museum, and Muny Amphitheater. It has several recreational facilities, including Dwight Davis Tennis Center, Steinberg Skating Rink, Boathouse Restaurant (with boat rentals), Forest Park Country Club, Highlands Golf and Tennis Center, handball field, and a field for softball, baseball, football, cricket, rugby, and archery. The park also has extensive walking and cycling trails.

Saint Louis Zoo

The park's most visited feature is the Saint Louis Zoo, a free zoo that opened in 1910. In 2010, the zoo attracted 2.9 million visitors to a collection of over 18,000 animals. The zoo is divided into five animal zones: the Bank of the River, which includes elephants, cheetahs, and hyenas; The Wild, which includes penguins, bears, and great apes; Discovery Zone, which includes the zoo; Red Rocks, which features lions, tigers, and other big cats; and the oldest part of the zoo, Historic Hill, which has 1904 Flight Cage, herpetarium, and primate house. The sixth zoo zone, known as Lakeside Crossing, has several dining and retail options. For animal care, the zoo also has an animal hospital and animal nutrition center.

Saint Louis Science Center

The Saint Louis Science Center, located on Interstate 64 on the southern edge of the Forest Park, received a little over 1 million visitors in 2010. Parts of the science center, McDonnell Planetarium, is located within the park and connected to the main building by a covered bridge. In addition to the Starbay Orthwein planetarium show featuring more than 9,000 stars on an 80-foot (24 m) ceiling, this facility offers exhibits about living in outer space. It also hosts a public night watching event sponsored by The Astronomical Society of St.. Louis.

Missouri History Museum

The Missouri History Museum, located on the northern edge of the park, received a little over 500,000 visitors in 2010 for a permanent and temporary exhibit. The museum has two exhibits: Seeking St. Louis , two galleries focusing on the history of Greater St. Louis; and 1904 World's Fair, Looking Back at the Looking Forward , an exhibit of artifacts from the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. The museum has a 16-ton Thomas Jefferson statue carved by Karl Bitter, unveiled at the opening of the museum in 1913. The museum completed a major expansion in 2000, with the addition of the Emerson Center, a 92,000-square foot (8,500 m < > 2 ) with 24,000 square feet of exhibition space (2,200 m ² ), Lee Auditorium, 350 seat theater, and space for retail and dining options.

Saint Louis Art Museum

The Saint Louis Art Museum, which opened as the Palace of Fine Arts as part of the Louisiana Purchase Purchase, is located in the only permanent structure built for exhibitions. The building, designed by Cass Gilbert, houses a comprehensive art museum with a certain depth in Oceanic art, Pre-Columbian art, ancient Chinese bronzes, and 20th century German art.

The museum commenced an expansion and renovation project in January 2010 under the direction of architect David Chipperfield. Construction of sub-surface parking relocation below additions and create new lower level galleries, totaling over 200,000 square feet (19,000m ² ) of new building areas that allow more viewing of collections. The project includes a new landscape, with a grove of white birch trees. A site-specific statue was commissioned from Andy Goldsworthy, who completed the installation of Stone Sea in the fall of 2012.

The Muny

The Muny, officially known as the Municipal Theater Association of St. Louis, has been operating in the Forest Park since 1916. The first production, As You Like It by William Shakespeare, precedes the current building by one year; as part of advertising convention, St. Louis built the Municipal Theater in 1917. Beginning in 1919, Muny was founded, and more than 1,500 seats in the 11,000-seat amphitheater were supplied permanently for free.

The Gems

The Jewel Box, an art deco greenhouse, operates as a hub of events and facilities. The building has nearly 7,500 square feet (700 m ² ) of the display space and is 55 feet (17 m) tall, and was built in 1936 using funds from the Works Progress Administration. The Gem Box was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.

In 2002, the Permata Box received a $ 3.5 million renovation, including the removal and re-installation of interior cultivation, upgrades to heating and air conditioning systems, and modifications to enable the building to be used for organized events.

Turtle Park

Turtle Park is a sculpture park created by Bob Cassilly located on Oakland Avenue and Tamm Avenue. The garden contains concrete statues of seven endemic species of tortoises to Missouri, a clutch of eggs and snakes. Three large turtles are broken turtles, Mississippi map tortoises and red-eyed sliders and four small turtles are stinkpot tortoises and three boxed turtles. The broken tortoise was 40 feet long and used 120,000 pounds of concrete. Its design allows children to climb a tortoise shell and in their open mouth.

Dwight Davis Tennis Center

Dwight Davis Tennis Center is a tennis facility with 19 lighted tennis courts and clubs, named after the tennis player St Louis Dwight Davis. The facility offers tennis training programs, and sponsor tournaments. It hosts St. Louis Aces, a local sole tennis team, who played at the 1,100-seat Stadium Stadium. In 2006 and 2007, some courts were repaired, while new shades and benches were reserved for players and spectators.

Boathouse

Boathouse at Forest Park is a restaurant and boat rental facilities. Since the opening of the Forest Park in 1876, boating has become an activity in the park; in 1894, St. Louis Post-Dispatch paid more than 6,000 workers to expand one of the lakes in the park. In the early 2000s, a new boat shed opened with access to Post-Delivery Lakes and Grand Basin at the foot of Art Hill. Boathouse, open all year round, offers rowing boat rentals. It was designed by architect St. Louis Laurent Torno in Midwestern style cottage boathouse early 20th century.

Circle Pagoda

The Circle Pagoda, located in front of Muny, is a circular drive located around the lake with the island. On the island is Nathan Frank Bandstand, built using funds donated by local businessman Nathan Frank in 1926. The stage, in the classical style, replaces the previous structure with Asian motifs. In the early 2000s, the area's landscape was restored by the Flora Conservancy and the Department of Parks St. Louis for design by Oehme, van Sweden and Associates; more than 27,000 lasting flowers are grown in the area.

Education and Population Center Dennis and Judith Jones

The Visitors and Education Center Dennis and Judith Jones, formerly known as the Lindell Pavilion, was built in 1892 as a tram station for the Lindell Railway. Designed by Eames and Young, Visitor Center in Spanish Awakening style. In 1904, the building was occupied by World Exhibition tenants. In 1914, the building opened as a golf shop and dressing room, which remained until the early 2000s.

After the renovation of the adjacent Forest Park Golf Course, the building was converted into a Visitor Center Park. The $ 4 million conversion project recovered the clock tower and installed new heating and air conditioning systems, public toilets and changing rooms. A section of the 22,000 square foot facility (2,000 m ² ) is available as a venue known as the Trolley Room, which can accommodate up to 400 guests, while Forest Park Forever, a group -profit, operates its headquarters in building. Other groups within the building include Missouri's Department of Conservation and Adult Service and Information Systems (OASIS). Restoration includes the establishment of Forest Perk Cafe, coffee shop and sandwiches. This building is the base of the World Fair Bicycle Rental, which rent out public bike cruisers in the park.

Steinberg Skating Rink

The Steinberg Skating Rink opened in November 1957 after a donation by the Steinberg Charitable Trust. Etta Steinberg, wife of Mark C. Steinberg, gave over $ 600,000 towards the $ 935,000 charge of the ice rink. Ice rink is open for ice skating during winter and sand volley during summer. While ice hockey was regularly played in the arena during the 1950s and 60s, the large dimensions and lack of dasher-board setting systems prevented it from allowing regular play today; However, at the end of the skating season the charity pool hockey tournament is held in the ice rink. The dining and concession area, known as the Snowflake Cafe, offers American cuisine and alcohol.

During the early 2000s, the arena underwent a $ 1.4 million renovation that included new rink surfaces, ice-making systems, and new light and sound systems. In addition, the parking lot for the rink is moved from the north end of the facility to the southern end. A river meadow and wetland area replaces the north car park, providing a walking trail and bird watching near an adjacent lake.

World Fair Pavilion

Located on Government Hill, the World's Fair Pavilion is located on the site of a world fair Missouri government intended to be permanent but burned just weeks before the closing of the fair, opened in 1910 as a gift from the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Committee; it helped fulfill their promise to restore the park after the 1904 World Exposition. Designed by British architect Henry Wright, the pavilion initially cost $ 35,000 to build.

In the early 2000s, the building underwent a $ 1.1 million restoration with the addition of new toilets and catering kitchens. The east arch of the building is removed (thus opening the building to its original state), new lighting is installed, and the building's twin towers are reconstructed.

Forest Park Golf Course

The Forest Park Golf Course, also known as the Course at the Forest Park or the Norman Probstein Community Golf Course, opened in 1912 as a nine-hole golf course. The original course was designed by Scotsman Robert Foulis, an employee of the Old Course at St Andrews, while the second and third sets of the nine holes completed in 1913 and 1915. In 1929, Forest Park Golf Course was home to US Amateurs. General Championship Links.

Between 2001 and 2004, three courses and clubhouse were rebuilt under the direction of designer Stan Gentry. The rebuilding project was initially funded by the St. Louis Norman Probstein with a $ 2 million prize, followed by a $ 2 million contribution from Eagle Golf, $ 2.4 million from the Danforth Foundation, $ 4.5 million from Forest Park Forever, and $ 1.6 million from the city of St. Louis. Louis. Three rebuilt programs are named for trees in St. Louis: Hawthorn is a relatively flat and explorable layout; Dogwood is a rather hilly field with a fairway of water; and Redbud is very hilly and the most challenging layout of all three. One glass-covered clubhouse serves all three programs, and that includes restaurants open to all park users known as Ruthie's Grill. After the completion of the renovation, Forest Park Golf Course was named the Best Golf Course in St. Petersburg. Louis by the local alternative newspaper, The Riverfront Times.

Golf Center and Tennis Plateau

The Highlands Golf and Tennis Center, formerly known as the Triple A Golf and Tennis Club, was opened in 1897 at the current Forest Park Golf Course location; in 1902, the course moved to a 70-acre (280,000 m ² ) facility near the southeast corner of the Forest Park due to the construction of the 1904 World Exposition. New amenities include a nine-hole golf course, tennis court, handball and volleyball , running track, and baseball and lacrosse fields. The tennis court in the Highlands is where Jimmy Connors started his career, and the facility hosted the Davis Cup qualifiers in 1927, 1946 and 1961. Judy Rankin started his golf career at Triple A Golf and the Tennis Club as a young girl. Between 2008 and 2010, the highlands experienced complete reconstruction, with a new nine-hole golf course, clay tennis court installations, 30 new driving range places, and a full-service bar and restaurant development known as Keagan Pub and Patio.

Lake and water features

The Cascades is a 75-foot (23 m) waterfall northwest of the Art Museum and is named for the waterfall that flows down Art Hill during the 1904 World Exposition. The park also has round Lake and Lake Jefferson, the latter filled with fish for the angler. The Missouri Conservation Department assists with the operation of six fish hatcheries in the park. In the early 2000s, lakes were dried, drained, aerated, and recharged with fish. The new bridge over the river that feeds the lake is also built. Kennedy Kennedy Forest and Kennedy Woods

Kennedy Forest is in the southwest corner of the park, while the Kennedy Woods area is located near Muny in the middle of the park. Kennedy Forest features hiking trails run by the Missouri Conservation Department, while Kennedy Woods includes a walking path through wildflowers and native Missouri plants.

Cabanne House

The Cabanne House, built in 1876, is one of the oldest buildings in the park and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The original Cabanné Home was built in 1819 by Jean Pierre Cabannà ©  ©, a trader and trader of French Creole furs. The descendants used it as a farmhouse until they sold the land to the city in 1875. When the park opened, the farmhouse was converted into a hut. (Dismantled in the 1880s).

Cabannà ©  © The house is currently designed by James H. McNamara in 1875, built in the style of the Second Empire to serve as a park guard house. From 1942, this house served as the official residence of the Commissioner of Recreation and Recreation Park St. Louis. It was damaged by fire in 1966.

The City Trust Commission repaired the building and occupied it for office space beginning in 1967. In the 1980s, Louis, a local civilian group, renovated the building. They have used it as an office building and event venue. In 1985, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its architectural significance.

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Statues and warnings

Near Cascades waterfall at the west end of the park is the statue of Edward Bates 1876, the US Attorney General under President Abraham Lincoln. He is a prominent lawyer and judge in St. Louis, and also helped in the wardrobe of freedom by slaves. The first statues are set in the garden. Originally located at the southeast entrance to the park, it was moved during the 1950s during Interstate 64 development. The medals on the base of the statue describe James Eads, Hamilton R. Gamble, Charles Gibson, and Henry S. Geyer.

The second oldest statue in the park is a statue of Frank Blair, a US Army general and a US senator from Missouri. The statue, located on the highway of Kingshighway and Lindell, was donated by the Blair Monument Association in May 1885. On the corner is the Modernist Jewish Monument, carved by Kurt Perisee in 1956. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the first Jewish settlement in New Amsterdam , the main character represents the Four Freedoms. In 1989, the monument underwent a $ 275,000 restoration funded by Howard Baer, ​​an organizer of the Zoo-Museum District, which funded regional museums.

The Apotheosis of St. Louis , located at the north entrance of the Museum of Saint Louis Art, is a bronze statue of the armored King Louis IX and installed in France, preparing for battle. In the early 2000s, the statue was restored; costs over $ 22,000 including sculpture cleansing, patina enhancement, added protective coatings, and restores granite backing. The original plaster model by the sculptor Charles Niehaus was shown at the entrance to the 1904 World Exhibition, and the bronze that had been completed was given to the city in 1906 by the exhibition organizers. Two statues flank the museum entrance: Sculpture and Paintings by Daniel Chester of France and Louis Saint-Gaudens, respectively.

In 1913, St. Louis Turnverein donated funds for the construction of the monument to Friedrich Jahn, founder of Turnverein and modern gymnastics. Designed by Robert Cauer, the statue is located on the former site of the German Pavilion at the 1904 World Exposition. The following year, in 1914, the Confederation Women's Monument Association donated the Memorial to the Dead Confederation on the north side of the park, near the Dwight Davis Tennis Center. Carved by George Julian Zolnay, it depicts an allegorical figure of an angel and a Southern family sending his only son to fight in the American Civil War. The Confederate Monument was moved from the park in 2017 to be moved elsewhere.

The National Federation of Musicians donated funds to the Memorial and Fountain Musicians in honor of Owen Miller and Otto Ostendorf, members of the federation. The memorial, built in 1925, was designed by Victor Holm. Two years after the creation of the Musician Monument, the Steinberg family donated the Joie de Vivre , a work of Jacques Lipchitz depicting the joy of life, located adjacent to Steinberg Skating Rink.

Near the Jewel Box is Colonial Daughter Fountain, donated by the Missouri Society of Colonial Daughters in 1947. Also on the basis of Jewel Box is a statue of St. Francis of Assisi, carved by Carl Mose and donated by Mrs. Harry Turner; her husband is the publisher at St. Louis.

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Images from Forest Park

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See also

• Culture St. Louis
• The park at St. Louis
• St. Louis MetroLink
  • MetroLink Forest Park-DeBaliviere Metro Station
  • Central Metrolink Station West End
  • Skinker Metrolink Station
• Bob Cassilly, sculptured statue at the zoo and a huge turtle statue on the south side of the park
• Delmar Loop Trolley

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References

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External links

• St. Louis Convention & amp; Fact Sheet of Visitors Commission at Forest Park
• Forest Garden Map (pdf)
• "photo of Forest Park". University of Missouri-St. Louis.
• Website for the Forest Park (city park located approximately at the exhibition grounds)

Source of the article : Wikipedia