George Walton Lucas Jr. (born May 14, 1944) is an American filmmaker and entrepreneur. Lucas is best known for being the creator of Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as the founders of Lucasfilm and Industrial Light & amp; Magic. He is chairman and CEO of Lucasfilm, before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012.
After graduating from the University of Southern California in 1967, Lucas founded American Zoetrope with fellow filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola. Lucas wrote and directed THX 1138 (1971), based on the earlier shorter student Labyrinth Electronics: THX 1138 4EB , which was an important success but a financial failure. His next job as a director-writer was the film American Graffiti (1973), inspired by his teenage years in the early 1960s Modesto, California, and produced through the newly founded Lucasfilm. The film was a critical and commercial success, and received five Academy Award nominations including Best Picture.
Lucas's next film, an epic space opera titled Star Wars (1977), went through a troubled production process; However, it was a shocking hit, becoming the best-selling film of the time, as well as winning six Academy Awards and cultural phenomena. After the first Star Wars movie, Lucas produced and co-wrote the following installments in the trilogy, The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and The Return of Jedi (1983). Together with Steven Spielberg, Lucas teamed up and helped collaborate with the story for the Indiana Jones film Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), Temple of Doom (1984), and The Last Crusade (1989). Lucas also produced and wrote various films through Lucasfilm in the 1980s and 1990s.
In 1997, Lucas re-released the original Star Wars trilogy as part of the Special Edition, where he made several changes to the film; the release of home media with further changes was released in 2004 and 2011. He also returned to direct with Star Wars prequel, which consists of The Phantom Menace (1999), < i> Attack of the Clones (2002), and Revenge of the Sith (2005). He then collaborated on a story for Indiana Jones sequel of the Crystal Skull Kingdom (2008), and served as executive producer for the Red Tails (2012) war movie,.
Lucas is one of the most successful filmmakers in the American film industry and personally nominated for four Academy Awards. Some of his films are among the top 100 best-selling films at the North American box office, adjusted for ticket price inflation. Lucas is considered an important figure in the New Hollywood era.
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Lucas was born and raised in Modesto, California, son of Dorothy Ellinore Lucas (nÃÆ' Â © e Bomberger) and George Walton Lucas Sr., who owns a stationery store. He is from Germany, Switzerland-Germany, England, Scotland, and the distant Dutch and French descent. Growing up, Lucas has a passion for cars and motor racing, which then inspires his movies 1: 42.08 and American Graffiti . Long before Lucas was obsessed with filming, he was anxious to be a racing car racer, and he spent most of his high school years in an underground circuit in the night rink and hanging out in the garage. On June 12, 1962, at the age of eighteen, while riding his polished Autobianchi Bianchina, another driver killed him, reversing his car, nearly killing him, causing him to lose interest in racing as a career. He studied at Modesto Junior College, where he studied anthropology, sociology, and literature, among other subjects. He also began shooting with an 8 mm camera, including a movie car race.
At this time, Lucas and his friend John Plummer became interested in Canyon Cinema: underground film screenings, avant-garde 16 mm filmmakers like Jordan Belson, Stan Brakhage, and Bruce Conner. Lucas and Plummer also watched European classics at the time, including Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless , François Truffaut Jules et Jim and Federico Fellini 8Ã, ½
Lucas was later transferred to the University of Southern California's (USC) Cinematic Art School. USC is one of the earliest universities to have schools devoted to film films. For years at USC, Lucas shared a dorm room with Randal Kleiser. Together with classmates like Walter Murch, Hal Barwood, and John Milius, they became a click of a film student known as The Dirty Dozen. He also became a good friend with fellow accredited student filmmaker and future collaborator of Indiana Jones, Steven Spielberg. Lucas is heavily influenced by a Filmic Expression course taught in school by filmmaker Lester Novros who concentrates on the non-narrative elements of the Film Shape such as color, light, movement, space, and time. Another inspiration is the Serbian linguist (and the dean of the USC Film Department) Slavko Vorkapi?, A movie theorist who makes a stunning array of montage for Hollywood studio features at MGM, RKO, and Paramount. Vorkapich teaches the autonomous nature of the cinematic art form, emphasizing the unique dynamic qualities of motion and kinetic energy attached to moving images.
Maps George Lucas
Movie careers
1965-69: Initial career
Lucas saw many inspirational films in the classroom, especially the visual films that came out of the National Film Board of Canada such as Arthur Lipsett 21-87 , French-Canadian cameraman Jean-Claude Labrecque cinÃÆ'Â © ma vÃÆ'Ã… © ritÃÆ' Â © 60 Cycle , by Norman McLaren, and Claude Jutra documentary. Lucas fell in love with pure cinema and quickly became productive in making 16mm of noncharacter visual tone and cinÃÆ'Â © ma vÃÆ' Â © ritÃÆ'Â © with titles like Look at Life , Herbie > i>, 1: 42,08 , Emperor , Anyone Living in a Beautiful City (how) , Filmmaker , and 6-18-67 . He is very interested and interested in camerawork and editing, defining himself as a filmmaker as opposed to being a director, and he likes to create abstract visual movies that create pure emotions through the cinema.
After graduating with a fine art scholar in films in 1967, he tried to join the United States Air Force as an officer, but he was quickly rejected because of his many speeding tickets. He was later recruited by the Army for military service in Vietnam, but he was released from service after a medical test showed he had diabetes, a disease that killed his paternal grandfather.
In 1967, Lucas reapplied as a USC graduate student in film production. Working as a teaching instructor for a US Navy student class who is being taught cinematographic documentation, Lucas directed the short film Labyrinth Electronics: THX 1138 4EB , which won the first prize in the 1967-68 National Student festival, and was later adapted became his first full-length movie, THX 1138 . Lucas was awarded a student scholarship by Warner Bros. to observe and work on making his chosen film. The film he chose was Finian's Rainbow (1968) directed by Francis Ford Coppola, who was honored amongst the movie school students at the time as a "successful" cinema graduate in Hollywood. In 1969, Lucas was one of the camera operators on the classic Rolling Stones concert film Gimme Shelter .
1969-77: THX 1138 , American Graffiti , and Star Wars
In 1969, Lucas co-founded the American Zoetrope studio with Coppola - whom he met during his apprenticeship at Warner Bros.. - hopes to create a liberating environment for filmmakers to steer beyond the oppressive control of Hollywood studio systems. The first full-length studio produced by the studio, THX 1138 , did not work. Lucas then created his own company, Lucasfilm, Ltd., and directed the success of American Graffiti (1973).
Lucas then directs his gaze to adapt Flash Gordon, an adventure series from his childhood he so remembered. When he can not get the right, he sets out to write an original space adventure that will eventually become Star Wars. Despite his success with the previous film, all but one studio turned out to be Star Wars down. That's just because Alan Ladd, Jr., on 20th Century Fox likes the American Graffiti he forced through the production and distribution deal for the movie, which eventually restores Fox to financial stability after a number of flops. Star Wars is significantly influenced by the samurai film Akira Kurosawa, westerns spaghetti, as well as the classic sword & amp; magic fantasy story.
Star Wars quickly became the best-selling film of all time, displaced five years later by Spielberg's E.T. Extra-Terrestrial . After the success of American Graffiti and prior to the commencement of Star Wars filmmaking, Lucas was encouraged to renegotiate at a higher cost to write and direct Star Wars from $ 150,000 agreed upon. He refused to do so, instead negotiating to gain a profit in some undetermined part of his contract with Fox, in particular licensing and merchandising rights (for novelization, T-shirts, toys, etc.) and contract arrangements for the sequel. The studio did not care to relinquish these rights, as the last major effort on the field, with the film Doctor Dolittle (1967), has proved a disappointing failure. Lucas exploits merchandising rights wisely, and Lucasfilm has received hundreds of millions of dollars from licensed games, toys, and collections made for franchising.
1977-93: Hiatus from directing, Indiana Jones
After releasing the first Star Wars movie, Lucas works extensively as a writer and producer, including in many Star Wars movies made for movies, television and other media. Lucas acted as executive producer for the next two movies of Star Wars, commissioned Irvin Kershner to direct The Empire Strikes Back, and Richard Marquand to direct the Return of the Jedi , while receiving a credit story about the first and sharing the scriptwriting credit with Lawrence Kasdan on the latter. She also acts as an executive producer and story writer in all four Indiana Jones movies, whose colleague and best friend Steven Spielberg directs.
Another successful project where Lucas acted as a producer or writer during this period included Kurosawa
The Pixar animation studio was founded in 1979 as a Graphics Group, one-third of the Lucasfilm Computer Division. Pixar's initial computer graphics research produced innovative effects in movies like Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and Young Sherlock Holmes, and the group was bought in 1986 by Steve Jobs. shortly after he left Apple Computer. Jobs paid Lucas US $ 5 million and put US $ 5 million in capital to the company. Sales reflect Lucas' desire to halt cash flow losses from his 7-year research project related to new entertainment technology tools, as well as his company's new focus on creating entertainment products rather than tools. The contributing factor was the difficulty of cash flow following Lucas' 1983 divorce along with the sudden drop in revenue from the Star Wars license after the release of Jedi Return.
System equipped with sound THX Ltd. founded by Lucas and Tomlinson Holman. The company was previously owned by Lucasfilm, and contains equipment for stereo, digital, and theatrical sound for movies, and music. Skywalker Sound and Industrial Light & amp; Magic, is a subdivision of the sound and visual effects of Lucasfilm, while Lucasfilm Games, later renamed LucasArts, produces products for the gaming industry.
1993-2012: Go back to the brief, go back to Star Wars and Indiana Jones
After losing most of his fortune in a divorce settlement in 1987, Lucas had no desire to return to Star Wars, and unofficially canceled his sequel trilogy at the Return of my Jedi . However, the prequels, which are still just a series of basic ideas partially drawn from the original design of "The Star Wars", continue to tease him with technical possibilities that would make it worthwhile to revisit his older material. When Star Wars became popular once again, behind the lines of Dark Horse comic books and Timothy Zahn's trilogy of novels, Lucas realized that there were still many spectators. His children are older, and with the explosion of CGI technology he is now considering to re-direct.
In 1993, it was announced, at Variety among other sources, that Lucas would make a prequels. He began to write more for the story, pointing out that the series would be tragic, checking Anakin Skywalker's fall to the dark side. Lucas also began to change the status of prequels relative to the original; at first they were supposed to be the historical "confinement" of tangential to the original, but now he sees that they can form the beginning of a long story that begins with Anakin's childhood and ends with his death. This is the final step to turn the movie series into "Saga". In 1994, Lucas began working on the first prequel scenario, while titled Episode I: The Beginning .
In 1997, to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Star Wars, Lucas returned to the original trilogy and made many modifications using the newly available digital technology, releasing it in theaters as Star Wars Special Edition Cut Director from THX 1138 in 2004, with the movie being cut back and containing the number of CGI revisions.
The first Star Wars prequel was finished and released in 1999 as Episode I - The Phantom Menace, which will be the first film Lucas has directed over the past two decades. After the launch of the first prequel, Lucas announces that he will also direct the next two, and start working on Episode II . The first draft of Episode II was completed just weeks before main photography, and Lucas hired Jonathan Hales, an author of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, to polish it. It was finished and released in 2002 as Star Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones . The final prequel, Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith , began production in 2002 and was released in 2005. Many fans and critics consider prequels to be lost to the original trilogy, even though their box office success remains. From 2003 to 2005, Lucas also served as executive producer at Star Wars: Clone Wars, an animated microscope on Cartoon Network created by Genndy Tartakovsky, which bridged the events between Attack of the Clones, i> and Revenge of the Sith .
Lucas collaborated with Jeff Nathanson as the 2008 film writer of Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull Kingdom, directed by Steven Spielberg. Like Star Wars prequels, acceptance is mixed, with many fans and critics once again assuming it is lower than its predecessor. From 2008 to 2014, Lucas also served as executive producer for the second Star Wars animated series on Cartoon Network, Star Wars: The Clone Wars that premiered with feature film names that just before airing its first episode. The watchdog director for this series is Dave Filoni, who was selected by Lucas and collaborated closely with him in its development. As the previous series bridged the events between the Cloning Attack and Revenge of the Sith. The animated series also features the latest Star Wars story that includes Lucas.
In 2012, Lucas served as executive producer for Red Tails, a war movie based on the exploits of Tuskegee Airmen during World War II. He also took over the direction of reshoots while director Anthony Hemingway worked on another project.
2012-present: Semi-pension
In January 2012, Lucas announced his resignation from producing big blockbuster movies and instead refocused his career on smaller features and budgeted independently.
In June 2012, it was announced that producer Kathleen Kennedy, a long-term collaborator with Steven Spielberg and producer of Indiana Jones films, has been appointed co-chair of Lucasfilm Ltd. that Kennedy will work with Lucas, who will remain chief executive and serve as deputy chairman for at least a year, after which he will succeed him as the sole leader of the company. With Lucasfilm sales to Disney, Lucas is currently Disney's second-largest single shareholder after real estate Steve Jobs.
Since 2014, Lucas has worked as a creative consultant in the Star Wars sequel trilogy, including working on the first film, Star Wars VII: The Force Awakens . As a creative consultant in the film, Lucas's involvement included attending the initial storytelling; according to Lucas, "I mostly say, 'You can not do this. You can do that.' You know, 'The cars do not have wheels, they fly with antigravity.' There's a million small pieces... I know all that. "Lucas' son Jett told The Guardian that his father was" devastated "for selling the right to the franchise, despite having Abrams directly elected, and that his father "was there to guide" but that "he wanted to let him go and be his new generation." Among the material submitted to the production team was the rough-care treatment Lucas developed when he considered making the episode VII - IX himself years before; in January 2015, Lucas stated that Disney had thrown out his story idea.
The Force Awakens directed by J. J. Abrams, released on December 18, 2015. Kathleen Kennedy's executive is produced, and will do it for all future Star Wars movies. The new sequel trilogy is being jointly produced by Lucasfilm and The Walt Disney Company, which has acquired Lucasfilm in 2012. During an interview with talk show host and journalist Charlie Rose that aired on December 24, 2015, Lucas likened his decision to sell Lucasfilm to Disney to " divorce "and outlines the creative differences between him and the producer The Force Awakens . Lucas described the previous six Wars Wars films as his "children" and defended his vision for them, while criticizing The Force Awakens for having a "retro feel", saying: "I work very hard to make them completely different, with different planets, with different spacecraft - you know, to make it new ". Lucas also drew some criticism and later apologized for his statement to equate Disney with a "white slave". It has been reported that Lucas likes Rogue One: Star Wars Story more than The Force Awakens . Rogue One directed by Gareth Edwards and tells the story of the rebels who stole plans for the original Death Star.
In 2015, Lucas wrote the CGI
Philanthropy
Lucas has promised to give half of his fortune to charity as part of an effort called The Giving Pledge led by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett to persuade the richest Americans to donate their financial wealth to charity.
The George Lucas Education Foundation
In 1991, the George Lucas Education Foundation was established as a nonprofit operations foundation to celebrate and encourage innovation in schools. The Foundation's content is available under the Edutopia brand, on award-winning websites, social media and through documentaries. Lucas, through its foundation, is one of the main supporters of the E-rate program in universal service funds, enacted as part of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. On June 24, 2008, Lucas testified before the United States House of Representative Subcommittee on Telecommunications and the Internet as head of the foundation to advocate for free wireless broadband education network.
Results from Lucasfilm sales to Disney
In 2012, Lucas sold Lucasfilm to The Walt Disney Company for a reported amount of $ 4.05 billion. It was widely reported at the time that Lucas intends to deliver most of the proceeds from sales to charity. A spokeswoman for Lucasfilm said, "George Lucas has declared his intention, in the event the deal is closed, to contribute most of the proceeds to his philanthropic effort." Lucas also talks about this issue: "For 41 years, most of my time and money have been put in the company.When I start a new chapter in my life, it is satisfying that I have the opportunity to devote more time and resources to philanthropy. "
Lucas Museum of Narrative Art
In June 2013, Lucas is considering building a museum, the Lucas Museum of Cultural Art, to be built at Crissy Field near the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, which will feature a collection of illustrations and pop art with an estimated value of more than $ 1 billion. Lucas offered to pay about $ 300 million in the cost of building the museum, and would bless it with $ 400 million when it opened, eventually adding an additional $ 400 million to his donation. After being unable to reach an agreement with The Presidio Trust, Lucas switched to Chicago. A potential lake site at the Campus Museum in Chicago was proposed in May 2014. In June 2014, Chicago was elected, awaiting approval from the Chicago Plan Commission, which was awarded. The museum project was renamed the Narrative Lucas Art Museum. On June 24, 2016, Lucas announced that he had left his plan to find a museum in Chicago, due to a lawsuit by a local conservation group, Friends of the Parks, and would build a museum in California. On January 17, 2017, Lucas announced that the museum will be built at Exposition Park, Los Angeles California.
Other initiatives
In 2005, Lucas gave US $ 1 million to help build Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial at the National Mall in Washington D.C. to commemorate American civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.
On September 19, 2006, USC announced that Lucas had donated $ 175-180 million to his alma mater to expand film schools. This is the biggest single donation to USC and the biggest prize for film school on the go. The previous donations lead to the existing George Lucas Instructional Building and the post-production Marcia Lucas building.
In 2013, Lucas and his wife Mellody Hobson donated $ 25 million to Chicago-based After School Matters notes, where Hobson was chairman.
On April 15, 2016, it was reported that Lucas had donated between $ 501,000 and $ 1 million through the Lucas Family Foundation to the Obama Foundation, which oversees the construction of the Barack Obama Presidential Center on Chicago's South Side.
Personal life
In 1969, Lucas married film editor Marcia Lou Griffin, who later won an Academy Award for his editing work on the original Star Wars movie. They adopted a daughter, Amanda Lucas, in 1981, and divorced in 1983. Lucas then adopted two more children as a single parent: the daughter of Katie Lucas, born in 1988, and the son of Jett Lucas, born in 1993. Three his eldest son all appeared in three Star Wars prequels, as did Lucas himself. After her divorce, Lucas had a relationship with singer Linda Ronstadt in the 1980s.
Lucas began dating Mellody Hobson, president of Ariel Investments and chair of DreamWorks Animation, in 2006. Lucas and Hobson announced their engagement in January 2013, and married on June 22, 2013, at Lucas's Skywalker farm in Marin County, California. They have one daughter together, Everest Hobson Lucas, who was born through a pregnant carrier on August 12, 2013.
Lucas was born and raised in the Methodist family. The religious themes and myths in Star Wars were inspired by Lucas's interest in Joseph Campbell's mythology, and he would eventually identify strongly the Eastern religious philosophy he studied and incorporated into his film, which was the main inspiration for "the Force". Lucas has stated that his religion is "Methodist Buddhist". He lives in Marin County.
Lucas is the lead collector of illustrators and American painter Norman Rockwell. Collections of 57 paintings and pictures of Rockwell's Rockwell and fellow Rockwell collectors and film director Steven Spielberg are on display at the Smithsonian American Art Museum from July 2, 2010 to January 2, 2011 in an exhibition titled Telling Stories.
Lucas says that he is a fan of the hit TV show Seth MacFarlane Family Guy . MacFarlane says that Lucasfilm is very helpful when the crew of Family Guy want to parody their work.
Awards and honors
The American Film Institute awarded the Lucas Life Achievement Award on June 9, 2005. It was not long after the release of Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith , in which he jokingly stated that, because he saw the whole series > Star Wars as a movie, he can actually receive the award now because he finally "came back and finished the movie."
Lucas was nominated for four Academy Awards: Best Direction and Writing for American Graffiti and Star Wars . He received the Irving G. Thalberg Academy Award in 1991. He appeared at the 79th Academy Awards ceremony in 2007 with Steven Spielberg and Francis Ford Coppola to present the Best Director award to their friend Martin Scorsese. During the speech, Spielberg and Coppola talked about the joy of winning the Oscar, mocking Lucas, who has yet to win a competitive Oscar.
The Fiction Hall of Fame Science inaugurated Lucas in 2006, contributor "Film, Television, and Media" both, after Spielberg. The Discovery Channel named him one of the 100 "Largest Americans" in September 2008. Lucas served as Grand Marshal for the Roses Parade Tournament and made a ceremonial coin tossed at the Rose Bowl, New Year 2007. In 2009, he was one of 13 The California Hall of Fame was adopted in the annual exhibit of The California Museum.
In July 2013, Lucas was awarded the National Art Medal by President Barack Obama for his contribution to American cinema.
In October 2014, Lucas received Honorary Membership from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.
In August 2015, Lucas was sworn in as the Disney Legend, and on December 6, 2015, he became honorary at the Kennedy Center Honors.
Movieography
See also
References
Explanation notes
Quotes
Sumber
- Kaminski, Michael (2008). Sejarah Rahasia Star Wars . Press Buku Legacy ;. ISBN: 978-0978465230.
- Rinzler, J.W. (2007). Pembuatan Star Wars: Kisah Definitif di Balik Film Asli . LucasBooks. ISBN: 978-0345494764.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Kline, Sally, ed. (1999). George Lucas: Wawancara . Universitas Press Mississippi. ISBN: 978-1578061259. Â
- Hearn, Marcus (2005). The Cinema of George Lucas . Harry N. Abrams. ISBN: 978-0810949683.
- Rubin, Michael (2005). Droidmaker: George Lucas dan Revolusi Digital . Perusahaan Penerbitan Triad. ISBN: 978-0937404676.
Tautan eksternal
- George Lucas di EncyclopÃÆ'¦dia Britannica
- "George Lucas biography". Fiksi Ilmiah dan Fantasy Hall of Fame .
- George Lucas di IMDb
- George Lucas di AllMovie
- George Lucas di Internet Fiksi Spekulatif Internet
- Biografi George Lucas di Lucasfilm.com
- George Lucas di World of Business Ideas
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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