A practically licensed nurse ( LPN ), in most of the United States and Canada, is a nurse treating people who are sick, injured, healed, or disabled. LPNs work under the direction of doctors. In California and Texas, such nurses are referred to as licensed vocational nurses ( LVN ).
Equal professions outside the United States are " practically registered nurses " ( RPNs ) in the province of Ontario, Canada, " registered nurse " ( ENs ) or " Division 2 nurses " in Australia, Hong Kong and New Zealand, and formerly " country enrolling nurse " ( SENs ) in the UK.
A person can usually become an LPN with two years of training; all US state and territory boards also require the passing of the NCLEX-PN exam.
Video Licensed practical nurse
United States
According to the 2010-2011 Occupational Outlook Handbook published by the Labor Statistics Bureau of the Department of Labor, licensed nursing practitioners treat patients in many ways:
Often, they provide basic bedding. Many LPNs measure and record vital signs of the patient such as weight, height, temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. Practically licensed nurses (LPNs) in many of the United States and most Canadian provinces are nurses who treat people who are sick, injured, healed, or disabled. LPNs work under the direction of registered nurses or doctors. They also prepare and administer injections and enemas, monitor and also perform catheter placement, wound dressing, and provide alcohol and massage. To help keep patients comfortable, they help with bathing, dressing, and personal hygiene, moving in bed, standing, and walking. They may also feed patients who need food aid. Experienced LPNs can supervise nursing and assistant assistants, and other LPNs.
As part of their work, LPN collects samples for testing, conducts routine laboratory tests, and records food and fluid intake and output. They clean and monitor medical equipment. Sometimes, they help doctors and registered nurses perform tests and procedures. Some LPNs help to provide, care for, and feed babies.
LPN also monitors their patients and reports adverse reactions to medications or treatments. LPN collects information from patients, including their medical history and how they feel right now. They can use this information to complete the insurance, pre-authorization and referral forms, and they share information with registered nurses and doctors to help determine the best care for the patient. LPN often teach family members how to care for relatives or teach patients about good health habits.
According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook , while most LPNs are generalists and will work in health care areas, some LPNs work in special settings, such as nursing homes, doctors' offices, or home care. In some American countries, LPN is permitted to administer prescribed medications, initiate intravenous fluids, and provide care to patients who are dependent on the ventilator. While about 18 percent of LPN/LVN in the United States worked part-time in 2008, most worked for 40 hours a week. The Occupational Outlook Handbook states that LPN may have to work nights, weekends, and vacations; often standing for long periods and helping the patient move in bed, stand or walk; and may face occupational hazards that include exposure to caustic chemicals, radiation, and infectious diseases; back injury from a moving patient; stress at work; and sometimes the patient is confused, anxious, or uncooperative. "
In California, licensed vocational nurses (LVNs) empty beds, commode and clean and change adult bedwetting. Vocational licensed veterinarians read vital signs such as pulse rate, temperature, blood pressure and respiration. They give injections and enemas, monitor catheters and provide massage or alcohol. They may apply dressings, hot water bottles and ice packs. They help patients bathe and dress, treat bedsores and change dirty bed sheets. LVN feeds patients and records their food consumption, while monitoring the fluids they take and dispose of.
In May 2008, the average annual LPN/LVN wage in the United States was $ 39,030, with 50 percent yielding between $ 33,360 and $ 46,710, the lowest 10 percent earning less than $ 28,260, and the highest 10 percent earning more than $ 53,580. The median annual wage is different from the setting:
According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, in 2008 there were approximately 753,600 jobs held by LPNs/LVNs in the United States, with about 25 percent working in hospitals, 28 percent in care facilities, and 12 percent in doctors' offices. Other LPN/LVN work for home health care services; employment services; home care facilities; community care facilities; outpatient care center; and federal, state, and local government agencies. In the United States, LPNs work is projected to grow by 21 percent between 2008 and 2018, much faster than average. Growth is expected to be driven by "the long-term care needs of an elderly population that are increasing and increasing demand for health services in general". Instead the hospital is gradually issuing practically licensed nurses. While the work of LPN is expected to decline, in 2010 the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported the growth rate of the Licensed Practical Nurses work by 22%, well above the national average of 14%. The median annual salary is reported at $ 44,090 per year, and hourly salaries are reported at $ 19.42.
In the United States, the training program to become LPN/LVN lasts about a year and is offered by vocational/technical schools and by universities. The Occupational Outlook Handbook states that in order to qualify for a license, LPN must complete a state-approved training program. High school or equivalent diplomas are usually required for admission into training programs, but some programs accept candidates without a diploma and some programs are part of the secondary school curriculum. According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, most programs include classroom studies (including basic nursing concepts and subjects related to patient care, including anatomy, physiology, medical-surgical nursing, paediatrics, midwifery nursing, pharmacology, nutrition , and first aid) and supervised clinical practice (usually in hospital settings, but sometimes elsewhere).
The Nation-Licensing Practical Nurses National Council (NCLEX-PN), a computer-based national licensing exam developed and managed by the National Council of the State Nursing Council, is a necessary test to obtain a license as LPN/LVN. In many states, LPN/LVN is required to obtain continuing education credits throughout their careers.
Progress
In some settings, LPNs/LVN have opportunities for progress, including the possibility of becoming credentials in certain areas (such as IV therapy, gerontology, long-term care and pharmacology) or being a cost nurse, responsible for overseeing the work of other LPNs and various auxiliary personnel who are not licensed, like a nursing assistant. Some LPN/LVN choose to undergo further education and become a registered nurse. The LPN-to-RN training program ("bridge program") exists for this purpose. This includes further classroom studies to get at least an Associate of Science in Nursing (ASN) and clinical practice followed by another exam, the National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN).
The origins of practicing nurses can be traced back to the practice of self-taught individuals who worked in home care in the past, assist with basic care (ADL like bathing) and light household tasks (such as cooking). Standards of licensing for nursing practice come more slowly than professional nurses; by 1945, 19 states and one region have licensing laws, but only one state law covering practical nursing. However, in 1955, each state had a licensing law for a practical nurse. Nurse practitioners who have functioned as when new standards are adopted are usually granted a license by waiver, and are exempt from new training requirements.
The first formal training program for practical nurses was developed at the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) in New York City in 1892. The following year it became the Practical Nursing School of Ballard (after Lucinda Ballard, an early benefactor) and was a three-year long study of related subjects with infant care, children and the elderly and disabled. The curriculum includes instruction in cooking and nutrition as well as basic science and nursing. The school closed in 1949 after the YWCA was reorganized. Other preliminary practical nursing courses include the Thompson Practical Nursing School, founded in 1907 in Brattleboro, Vermont, (still operating today) and the Nursing School (then Shepard-Gill School of Nursing Practice), founded in 1918 in Boston. In 1930, there were 11 nursing practice schools, but between 1948 and 1954, 260 were more opened. The Association of Practical Nurses School (APNS) was established in 1942, and the following year the name of the organization was changed to the National Association for Nursing Practice Education and Services (NAPNAS), and the first planned curriculum for practical nurses as developed.
Maps Licensed practical nurse
Canada
In Ontario, there are two basic types of nurses: Registered nurses (RNs) must have a BSc in nursing, 4 years of university admission to practice; while practically enrolled nurses (RPNs) must have a 2-year diploma program for admission to practice. Many registered nurses became grandparents when these changes occurred and have completed 2 and 3 years diploma programs. The College of Nurses of Ontario is the governing body for all Ontario nurses with a view to governing the public interest. The CNO definition for the scope of nursing practice is: "Nursing practice is health promotion and assessment, provision of care for, and treatment of health conditions in a supportive, preventive, therapeutic, palliative, and rehabilitative manner to achieve or maintain optimal function".
The College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) outlines 13 controlled actions, 4 of which can be done by RPN and RN. 4 Controlled Acts available for RN and RPN are:
- Perform the procedure specified under the dermis or mucous membrane
- Delivers a substance by injection or withdrawal
- Placing an instrument, hand, or finger:
- Outside the outer ear canal
- Outside the point in the normally narrowed nose
- Outside the larynx
- Outside of the opening of the urethra
- Over labia majora
- Beyond the anal threshold or
- Being an artificial opening in the body
- Channeling drugs
The College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) has 4 major roles in Ontario nurse settings:
- Articulating and Promoting Practice Standards
- Setting Requirements for Entry to Practice
- Manage the Quality Assurance Program
- Enforce Standards of Practice and Behavior
CNO has set 7 standards of practice for all nurses in Ontario:
- Accountability
- Continuation of Competence
- Ethics
- Relationships (Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationships and Professional Relationships)
- Knowledge
- Knowledge App
- Leadership
Registered Nurses are expected to have a higher level of competence in the last three of these practice standards than the RPN. In Alberta, LPN has a wider range of practices than most provinces. They can do most of the work that the RN can do, however, the complexity of the patient's condition determines whether LPN is responsible for care, or receives directions from RN. In Canada, in-home care arrangements LPNs sometimes act as liaisons between care providers and local health authorities, care coordination.
United Kingdom
Registered countries of nursing qualifications are no longer obtainable in the UK. Prior to the implementation of Project 2000 which radically changed the face of nursing education in the mid-1990s, SEN students were used to be trained within two years. Their course is a simpler version of the longer training offered to declare registered nurses (SRNs, later renamed RGN, registered public nurse and now known as a level one nurse). Some helpful nurses with years of experience are selected to progress to enrollment as NES. People trained to become SRN who fail their exam on a third attempt may also include a nursing list as a NES. No new SENs are trained in the UK today. The Nursing and Midwifery Board (the watchdog for nurses in the UK) was previously used to allow people to be added to the register as a two-nurse level if they move from the same position within the EU, but this has now stopped. The level of two nurses from the EU wishing to enter the Register in the UK should be willing to be trained as a first-rate nurse (staff). This is in two different ways: starting their training from the start as a pre-enrollment nurse, or by joining an existing group of student nurses from their second year of training, and completing 2 and 3 years with them
Previously, there was a large segregation between the "green" SEN and the "blue" SRN, which was the usual uniform color. The NES greatly complements the nursing team, but does not have SRN status and does not qualify for promotion, for example, to ward off siblings. Many SEN sit or return the SRN exam, but a large number are not and quite satisfied to be a NES. At present, the difference between one and two nurses is decreasing as the small number of NES is still in practice. The death of SEN is pervaded by many who see it as a balanced way to become ward staff. However, dividing also means that potentially, the gap in clinical excellence can be too wide. In many areas, ENS and SEN are replaced by poorly qualified healthcare assistants who are trained to S/NVQ Level 3 or 4, awarded degrees such as Senior Health Assistant, Senior Nursing Aid, Senior Clinical Support Worker, Care Team Leader or Senior Nursing Assistant.
Although initially regarded as an inadequate nurse, ENS and SENs are now capable of holding the rank of Deputy Nurse Nurse in the NHS and Front Vice Managers in the private sector, as well as unit managers, both within the NHS and the private sector, and in some cases higher, technically outperformed staff nurses (first rate RN).
Auxiliary nurses take blood samples, change bandages, and record ECGs. Currently, they work under the direct supervision of registered nurses.
Australia
The National Health Practitioners Registration Authority issued a license to practice. Support the Registered Nurse, or 2 nurse Divisions, in Australia must now complete the Nursing Diploma and usually spend 18 months of training, consisting of 36 week theoretical components at TAFE colleges, some universities or private institutions, followed by practical home experience ward sick for the rest of the time. The majority of EENs eventually moved to attend universities and became registered nurses, although large numbers remained as EEN in public and private hospitals, and nursing homes. Trainees enrolling nurses (TENs) become hospital employees for a twelve month training period, which means that, as well as gaining practical experience in the wards, they are paid for hours of work. It attracts a large number of applicants, who may wish to pursue nursing as a career, but are unable to become full-time students. However, in 2009, the government has stopped working with the NSW Department of Health, and those wishing to become registered nurses are not paid. The registered nurse program also allows people to ascertain whether they are suitable for breastfeeding before they make the decision to study it at the university level.
The role of registered nurses in Australia has been greatly improved in recent years in response to the scarcity of registered nurses in the Australian public health care system. In 2004, a drug endorsement certificate was introduced, enabling ENS to administer some oral medications (excluding the 8 drug addiction schedule) upon completion. Although drug support is now included in the diploma. Validation also allows the administration of some intravenous (IV) and fluids (intravenous or IVT therapy), as well as intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) injections. Registered nurse licenses (EEN) are also allowed to check & amp; administer S4D and S8 medications with registered nurses. Most registered nurses working in public hospitals are permitted to perform ECGs, collect pathological specimens, and routinely take on the burden of patients under the direct supervision of registered nurses.
Despite the fact that EN's role in Australia has grown tremendously in recent years, the opportunities for career development remain somewhat limited, and for this reason, many choose to continue studying and becoming registered nurses. In terms of financial remuneration, registered nursing income capacity is limited to five years of service, while registered nurses continue for up to eight years before salary restrictions are applied.
See also
- Registered Professional Nurses Association
- Nurse
- Maintenance
- Registered Nurse (RN)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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