An <<> anesthesiologist or anesthesia are doctors, dentists or nurses trained in anesthesia and perioperative treatment.
Role titles vary across countries. In countries following North American practice, those who specialize in this field are called anesthesiologists , but in the UK and other member states or former members of the Commonwealth of Nations, such providers use the title anesthetist .
The length and format of anesthetic training programs may vary from country to country but can range from four to ten years. For doctors, a four-year residency is required above the initial medical school training to obtain a medical degree. The anesthesiologist in this spent time training gained experience in various subspecialty anesthesiology and undertook various postgraduate examinations and advanced skills assessment. This leads to the granting of specialist qualifications at the end of their training which indicates that they are an expert in the field and may be licensed to practice independently.
Anesthesiologists provide medical care to patients in various ways. During the preoperative evaluation, in consultation with the surgical team, they developed an anesthetic plan tailored to each patient taking into account the patient's medical history and the type of surgical procedure planned. These may include invasive monitoring (TEE, CVP, arterial pressure), neuraxial (spinal or epidural) neural blocks, peripheral nerve blocks (selectively anesthetize certain parts of the body), and/or various levels of sedation including reversible unconsciousness known as "General Anesthesia. "Anesthesiologists are acute care specialists and often provide intensive care techniques because they are respiratory management experts, intraoperative life support and provision of pain control, intraoperative diagnostic stabilization, and appropriate postoperative patient management. The scope of an anesthesiologist also involves emergencies in hospitals and pre-hospitals, working in an intensive care unit, an acute pain unit, and consulting chronic pain. Anesthesiologists give anesthesia to people who make them faint, so other doctors can operate them. They also monitor heart rate of patient's blood pressure etc.
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Approval based on patient information
Patient informed consent is a medical principle which states that patients should be fully informed of the manner in which anesthesia will be given to them. This is a fundamental ethical and legal principle and is considered essential for patient autonomy. The American Society of Anesthesiologists and the American Osteopathic Board of Anesthesiology support this principle. In Germany, the law requires that prior to anesthesia, patient informed consent should be obtained by the anesthesiologist.
Because of the drugs given before, during, and after surgery, patients sometimes do not remember interactions with anesthetist, who is involved in anesthesia treatment. Anesthesia plans, as well as alternatives, risks, and benefits of selected anesthetic techniques, should be discussed with patients prior to surgery. This can be difficult or impossible in some situations, such as with an unconscious patient, a confused patient, or a very urgent case.
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Selection and training
The selection and training process is similar in many countries. Argentina
In Argentina, an anesthesiologist is a doctor who specializes in medical anesthesia. The residency program is 5 years old.
Australia and New Zealand
In Australia and New Zealand, an anesthesiologist is a medical practitioner (with a university degree such as MB ChB or MB BS) who has conducted specialist training in the medical field of anesthesia. They are represented by the Australian Society of Anesthetists and the New Zealand Society of Anesthetists.
The training is supervised by the Australian and New Zealand College of Anesthetists. The training courses approved by ANZCA include pre-vocational Training and Early Two-Year Medical Education (PMET) and three years of follow-up training. Thus the total training is 5 years. In this training, trainees are required to complete five years of supervised clinical training at approved training venues and pass basic and final exams consisting of writing (multiple choice questions and short answer questions) and, if successful in exam papers, oral exams viva voce ).
In the last written exam, there are many questions from the clinical scenario (including interpretation of radiological examination, ECG and other specialized investigations). There are also two cases of real patients with complicated medical conditions - for clinical examination and the following discussion. The course has 12 module programs such as obstetric anesthesia, child anesthesia, cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, neurosurgery anesthesia and pain management. Trainees must also complete advanced projects, such as publications or research papers. They also undergo EMAC (Effective Management of Crisis Anesthesia) or EMST course (Initial Management of Traumatic Weight). Upon completion of the training, participants are awarded a Diploma Fellowship and are eligible to use FANZCA qualifications - Partners from Anesthetists College Australia and New Zealand.
Brazil
In Brazil, an anesthesiologist is a doctor who specializes in anesthesia. About 650 doctors are admitted each year for a three-year specialization program. The residency program can take place in a training center at a university hospital. This training center is accredited by the Brazilian Anesthesiology Society (SBA) , or other referral hospitals accredited by the health ministry. Most residents are trained in various fields, including ICU, pain management, and anesthesia sub-specialty, including transplantation and paediatrics. To become a certified anesthetist in Brazil, citizens must provide exams throughout the residency program and at the end of the program. The SBA conducts this inspection. To become an SBA certified residency program instructor, an anesthesiologist should have a superior degree in anesthesia, where specialists undergo multiple-choice tests followed by an oral examination conducted by councils commissioned by the national community.
Canada
In Canada, an anesthesiologist is a physician (with an MD - Medicinae Doctorem or DO - Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, or MDCM - Medicinae Doctorem et Chirurgiae Magistrum) who specializes in medical anesthesiology. The training is supervised by 17 universities approved by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. After completing the residency program (usually five years), the candidate is required to pass a comprehensive objective exam consisting of a written component (two three-hour papers: one featuring a 'multiple choice' question, and the other 'short' answering 'questions) and components oral (two-hour sessions related to the topic on clinical aspects of Anesthesiology). A patient examination is not required. After completing the training, an anesthesiology graduate is then eligible to become a "Fellow at the Royal College of Physicians of Canada" and uses the post-nominal letter "FRCPC".
Canadian family physicians with one year of anesthetic training may also provide anesthesia services, but these are usually confined to smaller rural and remote hospitals. These doctors are often referred to as "GP anesthesia" or IPK; alternatively they can be referred to as having "2 1 in anesthesia" given two years of family drug residency and one year of anesthetic training. Technically, it is not appropriate to call the GPA an "anesthesiologist" because it is exclusive to those who have completed anesthesia residency for five years, while the term "anesthesiologist" applies to anyone who provides anesthesia to the patient.
German
In Germany, an anesthesiologist (Germany: AnÃÆ'¤sthesist or Facharzt fÃÆ'¼r AnÃÆ'¤sthesiologie ) is the sole provider of anesthesia because German law does not allow anyone but a doctor (physician) to practice medicine. This is called "doctor-centered medicine" (German: Arztvorbehalt ).
After obtaining the right to practice medicine (German: Approbation), German physicians who wish to become anesthesiologists must undergo 5 years of training, consisting of anesthesia, ECG and lung function tests, critical care and pain medications, and also palliative care medication. The training includes rotations serving in the operating room for anesthesia in various patients treated by various surgical sub-specialties (eg general surgery, neurosurgery, urological procedures and invasive gynecology), followed by rotation through various intensive care units. Many German anesthesiologists choose to complete the curriculum in emergency medicine, which, once completed, allow them to be referred to as Notarzt, an emergency physician working pre-clinically with emergency medical services. In a pre-clinical setting, emergency physicians are assisted by paramedics.
Dutch
In the Netherlands, an anesthesiologist is a doctor who specializes in the medical field of anesthesia. Anesthesiologists in the Netherlands must complete medical school training, which takes six years. After successfully completing medical school training, they began a five-year residency training in anesthesia. In their fifth year, they may choose to spend years conducting research or to specialize in specific areas, including regular anesthesia, critical care care, pain and palliative medicine, child anesthesia, cardiothoracic anesthesia, neuro-anesthesia or obstetric anesthesia.
Guatemala
In Guatemala, an anesthesiologist is a doctor who specializes in medical anesthesia. For this, a student with a medical degree (he must have surgical skills and general medicine by law) must complete a six year residency (five years in residence and one year of practice with an expert anesthetist).
After residency, students take the board exams conducted by the Guatemalan medical colleges, the Universidade De San Carlos De Guatemala, and a chief physician representing the health care services of the Guatemalan government. The examination includes written parts, oral sections, and specialized skills and knowledge checks related to anesthesia instruments, emergency care, preoperative care, post-operative care, intensive care units, and pain medications. After passing the examination, the Guatemalan medical colleges, the Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala and the Guatemalan government health care ministry provide special license candidates for the practice of anesthesia and the diploma issued by the Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala provides a doctorate with specialization in anesthesia. Anesthesiologists in Guatemala must also undergo an annual examination and mandatory participation in an annual seminar on the latest developments in anesthetic practice.
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, an anesthesiologist is a doctor who specializes in medical anesthesiology. To qualify as an anesthetist in Hong Kong, medical practitioners must undergo a minimum of six years of graduate training and pass three professional examinations. After completing the training, the Fellowship of Hong Kong College of Anesthesiologists and then the Fellowship of Hong Kong Medical Academy was awarded. An anesthesiologist's practitioners are required to enroll in the Hong Kong Specialist Medical Board list and are therefore subject to the Medical Council regulations.
Italy
In Italy, the term anesthesia-intensive care physician refers to a physician who, having completed 6.5 years of medical school training, has completed four (five since 2008) residencies in anesthesiology. Such doctors work in the operating room, ICU, PACU, Pain control unit, hyperbaric unit, emergency room, etc.
Nordic Countries
In Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, the training of anesthesiologists is supervised by each national anesthesiology community as well as the Scandinavian Scandinavian Anesthesiology and Treatment (SSAI) Scandinavian Society. In the Nordic countries, anesthesiology is a medical specialty engaged in anesthesia, intensive care medicine, pain control, pre-hospital and emergency medicine at the hospital. Anesthesiologists in the Nordics are doctors who have completed a six-year undergraduate training program (from medical school), a twelve month apprenticeship, and a five-year residency program. SSAI currently organizes five training programs for anesthesiologists in the Nordics. These are Intensive care, Anesthesia and intensive care of children, advanced pain medications, critical care medications, and advanced obstetric anesthesia.
United Kingdom
In England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, training is supervised by the Royal College of Anesthetists. An anesthesiologist in the UK is a physician who has completed a five-year or six-year medical school training program or a four-year medical school program that is only open to postgraduate.
After completing medical school training, the doctor enters a two-year foundation program consisting of at least six, four-month rotations in various medical specialties. It is compulsory for all doctors to complete a minimum of three months of general medicine and general surgical training during this time. Following the foundation's program, doctors compete for specialist training. The training program in the UK today consists of two years of core training and five years of higher training. Also, before core training ends, all trainees must pass the main exam for the Fellowship diploma from the Royal College of Anesthetists (FRCA).
Training participants who wish to have double accreditation in anesthesia and intensive care can attend anesthesia training through the three-year acute care common stem (ACCS) program and consist of experience in anesthesia, emergency medicine, acute treatment and intensive care. Trainees in anesthesia are called Specialty Registrars (StR) or Specialist Registrars (SpR). The Certificate of Completion Training (CCT) in anesthesia is divided into three levels: Basic, intermediate and advanced. During this time, doctors study anesthesia as applicable to all surgical specializations. The curriculum focuses on a modular format, with trainees primarily working in one specific area during one module, for example, cardiac anesthesia, neuro-anesthesia, ENT, maxillofacial, pain medication, intensive care, and trauma. Traditionally (prior to the foundation of the foundation program), trainees entered anesthesia from other specialties, such as drugs or accidents and emergencies. Specialist training takes at least seven years. After completing specialist training, doctors are given CCT and are eligible to enter the GMC Specialist list and may also work as anesthesia consultant. New consultants in anesthesia must complete a minimum of 14 years of training (including five to six years of medical school training, two years of basic training, and seven years of anesthetic training).
Those seeking dual accreditation (in Intensive care and anesthesia) are required to undergo one additional year of training and also complete the Diploma Intensive Care Medicine (DICM). The pain specialist provides the Fellowship of the Pain Faculty of Medicine from the Royal College of Anesthetists (FFPMRCA) examination.
United States
In the United States, an anesthesiologist is a doctor (MD, or DO), a dentist (DDS) or a Practice Nurse who has chosen to specialize in anesthesiology and is trained extensively. An anesthesiologist in the United States must complete an undergraduate course (which includes pre-medical requirements) and four years of medical school training. The anesthesiology residency program in the United States requires successful completion of four years of residency training at the ACGME program approved for board certification eligibility in anesthesiology specialization. Anesthesiologists face various checks during their residency, including exams covering physiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, and other medical sciences that are handled in medical schools, together with multiple anesthesia knowledge tests assessing progress during residency. Successful completion of board exams after the completion of residency is required for board certification although board certification is not required for practice in the United States for Dentists or Anesthesiologists.
The residency training of anesthesiologist doctors in the US includes a full range of perioperative treatments, including preoperative medical evaluation, surgical management of diseased patients, intraoperative life support, intraoperative pain control, postoperative recovery, intensive care, and management of chronic and acute pain. After residency, many anesthesiologists complete an additional year of sub-specialty training partnerships in areas such as pain management, sleeping pills, cardiothoracic anesthesia, pediatric anesthesia, neuroanesthesiology, regional anesthesia/outpatient anesthesia, obstetric anesthesia, or critical care medicine.
The dental anesthesiologist in the United States must complete a degree program (which includes pre-medical requirements) and four years of dental training. The Dental Anesthesiology residency program in the United States requires completion of a successful two-year training.
Anesthetist nurse (CRNA) in the United States must complete a four-year degree program in nursing. They should have an average of 2.9 years experience as a critical care nurse to be eligible to enroll in a graduate anesthesia school that ranges from 24 to 36 months. It takes 7-8.5 years to train to become an anesthetist nurse and an average of 8,636 hours of clinical experience.
The average salary for full time anesthetists is about $ 400,000 according to US News. The number of jobs is rounded to around 170,400 by 2014 statistics.
The majority of anesthesiologists in the United States are certified, either by the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) or the American Osteopathic Board of Anesthesiology (AOBA). DO. the anesthesiologist may be certified by ABA. ABA is a member of the American Board of Medical Specialties, while AOBA is under the American Osteopathic Association. Both Boards are recognized by major insurers in the US as well as by all branches of the US Uniformed Services. Board certification by ABA involves both written and oral exams. AOBA certification requires the same exam, in addition to a practical examination by examining a physician who observes the applicant who actually provides anesthesia in the operating room.
References
External links
- Anesthesiology at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- OpenAnesthesia - Anesthesiology Wiki (presented by the International Anesthesia Research Society)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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