A Medical Laboratory Scientist ( MLS ), also known as Clinical Laboratory Scientist ( CLS ), or Medical technologist ( MT ), is a healthcare professional conducting chemical diagnostic, haematological, immunological, histopathological, cytopathological, microscopic, and bacteriological analyzes of body fluids such as blood, urine, sputum, , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and synovial fluid, as well as other specimens. Medical laboratory scientists work in clinical laboratories in hospitals, referral laboratories, biotechnology laboratories, and non-clinical industry laboratories.
Video Medical laboratory scientist
Education requirements
Education and licensing requirements vary by country because of differences in practices and legislative differences.
Australia
In Australia, the Medical Laboratory Scientists complete a three to four year bachelor degree either in medical or biological or chemical laboratory science. This program can be accredited by the Australian Institute of Medical Scientists (AIMS).
Canada
In Canada, a three-year college or technical school program is offered that covers seven semesters, two of which consist of unpaid internships. Graduate students prior to taking standardized exams (such as the Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Science, or CSMLS, exams) to qualify as a medical laboratory technologist. Many MLTs continue to receive a bachelor's degree after they are certified, but some university programs are affiliated with the college MLT program to allow students to graduate with an MLT certification and a degree such as the University Medical Graduate from the New Brunswick Science Program.
New Zealand
In New Zealand, Medical Laboratory Scientists must complete a bachelor's degree in medical laboratory science or biological or chemical science recognized by the New Zealand Medical Sciences Council. Once graduated, they must work for at least six months under supervision, enrolled in New Zealand Medical Science Advisor, and holds the current Annual Practice Certificate.
United States
In the United States, the Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS), Medical Technologist (MT), or Clinical Laboratory Scientist (CLS) usually earn a bachelor's degree in medical laboratory science, clinical laboratory science, medical technology, biomedical science or in life./biological sciences (biology, biochemistry, microbiology, etc.), in this case certification of an accredited training program is also required in some states.
The degree program of a medical laboratory scientist is organized in several different ways.
- In program 3 1, students attend the course class for three years and complete the clinical rotation of the final year of their studies.
- In 2 2 courses, students have completed their undergraduate courses and return to complete the final two years of their studies in the CLS program.
- In program 4 1, students who have completed the undergraduate program return to complete one year of medical laboratory training. Training is usually completed on clinical sites rather than on campus.
The core curriculum in medical technology generally comprises 20 credits in clinical chemistry, 20 credits in hematology, and 20 credits in clinical microbiology.
During clinical rotation, students experience direct learning in every laboratory discipline and perform diagnostic tests in laboratories that function under supervision. With limited or no compensation, a student in the clinical stage of training usually works 40 hours per week for 20 to 52 weeks. Some programs in the United States have a number of weeks students spend completing their clinical rotation due to staff shortages in many health organizations. In 2015, the MLS program at the University of Minnesota reduces the portion of the clinical rotation of the program from 22 weeks to 12 weeks.
In the United States, a similar two-year degree (or certificate) qualifies graduates to work as a medical laboratory technician (MLT). MLT receives more exclusive training in laboratory science without the basic science courses often required by MLS programs; however, there are many MLT training programs that require substantial basic science course work prior to admission to clinical practice.
Although didactic courses may be less for MLT, clinical practice, in most cases, is longer than MLS students. This is equivalent to a well-equipped MLT to enter the workforce with relevant, knowledge-based practical applications.
In the United States, the term medical lab technician (MLT) may apply to people trained to operate equipment and perform tests, usually under the supervision of certified medical technologists or laboratory scientists in their departments. The entry level for most of the medical laboratory technicians is an associate degree (60 existing credit certificate programs through military training programs, such as 68K US Army military specialization jobs) and some states require licenses that can be obtained after completing the necessary education and clinics. Terms.
Depending on the circumstances in which the job is given, the job assignment between MLS and MLT is very similar.
Shorter training times appeal to many students, but there are disadvantages to this route. MT, MLS and CLS usually earn higher salaries than MLT. By 2014, medical laboratory assistants earn an average salary of $ 40,750 while medical laboratory scientists earn a salary of $ 60,560. An additional disadvantage is that some institutions will not use MLT. The practice began to change due to recent changes in health care legislation, cost reductions, and staff shortages. In addition, colleagues in applied science degree accepted by MLT can be utilized as a stepping stone to pursue a science degree in the future.
Due to several factors, including booming pensions, and inadequate recruitment and retention efforts, Medical Laboratory workers are experiencing increasing problems with deficiencies. For the 2010-2020 decade, labor demand is expected to grow by 13%. This means about 11,300 positions per year that need to be filled, with only about 5,000 new graduates per year coming out of various programs.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom (UK) there are two types of health care scientists enrolled in hospitals - Clinical Scientists and Biomedical Scientists (BMS). There is a rigorous and formal post-graduate training program for both careers followed by mandatory registration for each with Health & amp; Care Professions Council UK (HCPC): [1], for patient safety and assurance. They are two equal careers but different from different parallel but different training paths and different entry requirements.
The role of clinical scientists is to improve the health and well-being of patients and communities by training with doctors, nurses, and other health and social care professionals in the provision of health services. Their goal is to provide expert scientific and clinical advice to physician colleagues, to assist with the diagnosis, care and management of patient care.
Examples of the types of work they do include:
- Tell, diagnose, interpret, and treat patients.
- Advising health and professional social care in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
- Examines the science, technology, and practices used in health care to innovate and improve service.
- Design, build, and operate technology to diagnose and treat patients.
- Ensure the safety and reliability of testing and equipment used in health care.
Clinical Scientist Trainee posts are nationally advertised, usually between November and February on Clinical Clinical Recruit web pages where application forms can be obtained and electronic application submission is possible. This post is for an approved Pre-Register Training Program, designed to prepare participants for higher professional qualifications, further clinical training and eventual Consultant responsibilities.
Clinical Clinical Training involves graduate enrollment (honors grade 1 or 2 or better is important due to high competition for limited training venues) into an intensive 3-year training scheme leading to certification and eventual enrollment before embarking on a higher career structure. The basic qualifications to become a Clinical Biochemist, Clinical Immunology or Clinical Microbiology Expert is a good Honors degree in an appropriate subject: for Clinical Biochemistry, the subject may be Biochemistry or Chemistry (or other science subjects containing substantial Biochemical components); for Clinical Immunology, the subject may be a biological science degree with an immunological component; for Clinical Microbiology whose subject there may be a biological science degree with a microbiological component.
While not important, some candidates will enroll with a higher degree in an effort to increase their chances of selection for training and some universities currently offer MSc programs in Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology that have been approved by ACB or AHCS. Full-time courses and 'sandwiches' are available, and more information can be obtained from individual programs, although the level of financial support provided varies, and should be clarified at the time of the interview. Some of the migrants in this profession have earned a PhD, and their training and research experience is invaluable to Clinical scientists. In the larger Department, there may be an opportunity to study for a research degree upon entering the profession and obtain registration, but since this must be supplemented by other responsibilities, it may take several years to complete. It should be clearly understood that the main role of the profession is patient care and that research, management and all other aspects will emerge as a side issue and not a dominating factor in the career path. The work of Biomedical scientists and clinical scientists impacts on the diagnosis and treatment of almost every hospitalized patient in the UK.
Maps Medical laboratory scientist
Certification and permissions
There are currently three major national certification bodies in the United States for clinical laboratory scientists. They are the American Association of Bioanalysts (AAB), American Medical Technologists (AMT), and the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). All three national accreditation bodies will certify scientists in clinical laboratories as generalists (chemistry, hematology, immunology, immunohematology/blood banks, and microbiology). American Association of Bioanalysts and American Medical Technologist certification continue to use the designation of Medical Technologist (MT), while the American Society for Clinical Pathology has adopted the appointment of Scientist Laboratory Medical (MLS). Regardless of the terminology, this certified individual serves the function of a scientist in a clinical laboratory.
There are two other proficiency certifications. HEW, now the Department of Health and Human Services, offers medical technology proficiency tests in the past. Meanwhile, there are scientists who still hold HEW cards, the examination is no longer offered. The National Credentials Agency for Personnel Laboratories (NCA) was absorbed by the American Society for Clinical Pathology in 2009 and the NCA was soon dissolved.
In the United States, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA '88) establishes the level of qualifications required to perform various complexity tests. Clinical Laboratory Scientists, Medical Technologists and Medical Laboratories Scientists approach the highest qualification levels among general testing personnel and are usually eligible for the most complex clinical trials including HLA testing (also known as tissue typing) and blood type referral tests. Provider Conducting Microscopy, or PPM (doctor or master level medical service provider) and Cytology have additional requirements.
In addition to national certification, 12 states (California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Tennessee, West Virginia and New York) and Puerto Rico also require state licenses. Puerto Rico, to provide state licenses, requires certification of local councils by state inspection, or one from ASCP and NCA. Minnesota, Texas, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Vermont, Washington, New Jersey, Iowa, Utah, Ohio, South Carolina, Wyoming, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Dakota, Delaware, Missouri and Alaska are seeking licenses. All countries require documentation from a professional certification body before issuing state certification. A person applying for state certification may also be expected to submit fingerprints, education and training records, and competency certification. Some states also require completion of the number of continuous education contact hours specified prior to issuing or renewing the license.
Some countries recognize other state licenses if they are the same or more stringent, but California does not currently recognize other state licenses.
In the UK all clinical scientists and biomedical scientists must be enrolled in Health & amp; Care Professions Council (HCPC) to work without supervision, to develop through their professional career level and use protected titles from "Clinical Scientists" or "Biomedical Scientists". HCPC enrolls nearly 200,000 health care professionals [3] and while success in approved degree programs from universities is accredited enough for all other professions, both clinical scientists and biomedical scientists have postgraduate training and no approved degree program. The autonomous assessment of applicants in these two professions with subsequent certification for successful ones, is the only approved UK route for enrollment for them.
"Clinical scientist", just like "Biomedical Scientist", is a title protected under law (there is a £ 5000 fine for violators who fraudulently use titles without being registered by the state). HCPC can attack people from the list for malpractice in the same way as for doctors with the General Medical Council (GMC).
Those working in "Trainee" positions in the profession are permitted to use titles with appropriate warnings, for example - "Pre-registration of Clinical Scientists", Trainee Clinical Scientists, etc. Or some may use special titles for their training disciplines, such as Trainee Clinical Biochemist "," Clinical Immunology in Training "or" Pre-Applicable Clinical Microbiology "which is also well received because it does not imply a protected" Clinical Scientist "title from practitioners who fully qualified and registered, against the law to formally work under the title "Clinical Scientist" without professional registration [4].
Custom areas
Most of the Medical Laboratories Scientists are generalists, experts in all areas of clinical laboratories. However there are some specialists, who qualify with a unique undergraduate education or additional training to perform more complex analysis than usual in a particular field. Specializations include clinical biochemistry, hematology, coagulation, microbiology, bacteriology, toxicology, virology, parasitology, mycology, immunology, immunohematology (blood banks), histopathology, histocompatibility, cytopathology, genetics, cytogenetics, electron microscopy, and IVF laboratories. Medical Technologists specialists may use additional credentials, such as "SBB" (Specialist in Blood Banking) from the American Association of Blood Banks, "SM" (Microbiology Specialist) of the American Society for Microbiology, "SC" (Chemical Specialist) of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, or "SH" (Specialist Hematology) from the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). This additional notation can be added to the basic credentials, for example, "MLS (ASCP) SBB". Additional information can be found at ASCP Procedures for Examination & amp; Certification.
The scientist of the Andrology Laboratory, the Scientist of Embryology Laboratories, and the certification of the Molecular Diagnostic Technologist provided by the American Association of Bioanalysts; those with certifications are classified as ALS (AAB), ELS (AAB), and MDxT (AAB) respectively. Histocompatibility Certified Associate, Certified Histocompatibility Technologist, Certified Histocompatibility Specialist, and Diplomate of ABHI are the titles granted by the American Board of Hisocompatibility and Immunogenetics upon meeting the education and experience requirements and passing the necessary checks; people will hold the mandate of CHA (ABHI), CHT (ABHI), CHS (AHBI), and D (ABHI) after passing the appropriate test.
In the United States, Medical Laboratories Scientists can be certified and used in infection control. These professionals monitor and report infectious disease findings to help limit iatrogenic and nosocomial infections. They can also educate other health care workers about such issues and ways to minimize them.
In the UK, the number of clinical scientists in the pathology discipline is usually greater, where less qualified pathologists as consultants. Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Immunology, and Genomics Treatment is a specialty with many British Clinical Scientists, and where its role is well established. Infection services in the UK are generally performed by qualified medical microbiologists, who may have overall responsibility for laboratory services in addition to the responsibilities of Infection Prevention and Control, and may be required to contribute to the ward and patient clinic. Therefore, the Royal College of Pathologists and the Royal College of Physicians have developed Combined Infection Training [10], that medical trainees gain a more patient-focused experience, and conduct Doctor examinations in addition to Pathology training. The end result of this is that some regional medical shamans no longer allow Medical Doctors to practice in Microbiology or Virology as a single discipline, and instead advocate double specialization as Infectious Diseases/Microbiology or Infectious Diseases/Virology [11]. At the same time, the expansion of higher specialist scientists in microbiology means that much of the laboratory and scientific responsibility of medical doctors can be taken on my clinical scientists, and doctors will be expected to perform a much more patient role. Exceptions in Microbiology are a sub-discipline of Virology, which is particularly suited to the expertise of clinical scientists because of relying on advanced scientific methods, increased use of specialized genetic technologies, and technical understanding of viral biology, with reduced emphasis. on patient management as compared to overall microbiology [12].
Therefore, many patients in British hospitals may be associated with clinical scientists working in specialist who are facing specific problems, who may be confused with doctors because of the complex nature of their role.
Further education
Medical Laboratory Scientists can pursue higher education to advance or further specialize in their careers.
- Master of Science, Master of Business Administration, Master of Health Administration, Doctoral of medical laboratory science for specialization, education, and management roles.
- Pathologist's assistant
- Doctor of Philosophy for management roles and directors in clinical laboratories as well as for academic research and professorship. Doctor of Philosophy holds a degree in biological sciences, and whose board is certified by a CLIA-approved entity, qualifies as a director of medical laboratories.
- Doctor of Medicine or Doctor of clinical laboratory science - this is an eligible position of an individual to supervise or direct almost any type of clinical laboratory. Under the US CLIA law, requirements for at least one year of clinical laboratory (MD) experience or pathology residency must be met.
In the UK The Modernizing Scientific Careers (MSC) program sets out for the first time a comprehensive training and career framework for all healthcare workforce including over 50 different scientific professional specializations. In conception it aims to provide an accessible, affordable and tailored coherent framework designed to capture scientific and technological progress and to deliver better results for patients, services and professionals. A key aspect of the framework from the start is the formalization of training to develop gifted clinical scientists to conduct a High-quality Specialist Expert Knowledge (HSST) Training program prepared for the role of a Clinical Consultant. It is anticipated that Consultants Clinical Scientists will work synergistically and in partnership with their medical colleagues and in multiprofessional clinical teams to support clinical scientific practice aimed at improving quality, innovation and world-class outcomes for patients. This scientific expertise and leadership will provide important benefits and added value to patients and services as they move forward through the 21st century. This will lead to the vision of science and realize the potential for scientific and technological progress for translational and personal medicine.
Training through the Special Scientist Scientist Training is a specific discipline. For life disciplines (Immunology, Microbiology, Virology, Hematology, Biochemistry), training curricula and formal exams are administered by the Royal College of Pathologists. The life science training course for Clinical Scientists follows the same pathway as that of a medical qualified specialist in the pathology. Therefore, clinical scientists are the only discipline of non-medical health care professionals examined by the Royal Medical College. Clinical Scientists who achieve both part 1 certification checks and part 2 certification are awarded Fellowship from Royal College of Pathologists (FRCPath) and are considered to have the knowledge and expertise expected of a consultant-level scientist. Post Clinical Clinical Consultants generally require candidates to complete the FRCPath qualification in order to qualify.
All clinical scientists regardless of seniority or specialization may have other responsibilities including academic appointments, responsibilities as clinical guidance for pathology services, or may have wider hospital responsibilities such as the Director of Infection Prevention and Control, or responsibility for Research strategies and Development of hospitals. A junior clinical scientist may engage in academic research, work on a Ph.D. or DClinSci
Job assignment
Medical Laboratories Scientists work in all areas of clinical laboratories including blood banking, chemistry, hematology, immunology, histology and microbiology. They perform laboratory tests - from simple prenatal blood tests, to more complicated tests to uncover diseases such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and cancer. They are also responsible for ensuring the accuracy of test results, and reporting laboratory findings to pathologists and other physicians. The information provided by the Medical Laboratory Scientist to the physician influences the medical treatment that the patient will receive. Medical Laboratories Scientists operate complex electronic equipment, computers, and precision instruments at a cost of millions of dollars.
A medical laboratory scientist analyzes human fluid samples using techniques available for clinical laboratories, such as manual white blood cells/numbers, bone marrow counts, microscopy analysis, and advanced analytical tools. Medical Laboratories Scientists assist doctors and nurses in selecting the correct laboratory tests and ensuring proper collection methods. Medical Laboratories Scientists then receive patient specimens, analyze specimens, interpret and report results. A pathologist can confirm the diagnosis, but often the Medical Laboratory Scientist is responsible for interpreting and communicating the patient's critical results to the doctor.
Medical Laboratories Scientists must recognize anomalies in their test results and know how to correct problems with instrumentation. They monitor, filter, and troubleshoot analytics tools featuring the latest technology available in the market. The MLS performs equipment validation, calibration, quality control, "STAT" or run-by-run ratings, observed statistical data controls, and normal operation records. To maintain the integrity of laboratory processes, medical laboratory scientists recognize factors that can introduce errors and reject contaminated or sub-standard specimens, as well as investigate unsuitable results.
Common tests performed by the Medical Laboratory Scientists are complete blood count (CBC), comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), electrolyte panel, liver function test (LFT), renal function test (RFT), thyroid function test (TFT), urinalysis, coagulation profile, lipid profile, blood type, sperm analysis (for fertility and post-vasectomy studies), serological and cultural studies routine. In some facilities that have some phlebotomists, or none at all, (as in rural areas) Medical Laboratories Scientists can perform phlebotomy in patients, as these skills are part of the clinical training.
Because Medical Laboratories Scientists are skilled in various disciplines, work outside the medical laboratory is commonplace. Many MLSs work in government positions such as the FDA, USDA, non-medical industrial laboratories, and manufactures. The practical experience required to earn a bachelor's degree in medical technology gives MLS a unique understanding of the relationship between microbiological and chemical testing and clinical manifestations resulting in clinical, scientific, and industrial settings.
In England and the United States, senior laboratory scientists, who are usually post-doctoral scientists, take on a significantly greater clinical responsibility in the laboratory. In the United States these scientists can function in the role of the Director of Clinical Laboratories, while in England they are known as Consultants Clinical Scientists.
Although clinical scientists have been in the UK's National Health Service for ~ 60 years, the official introduction of Clinical Scientist-trained Clinical Consultants and accredited Clinical Scientists is being introduced as part of the new Scientific Modernization Modernization framework.
Consultants Clinical scientists are expected to provide scientific and clinical leadership experts in addition to and, at the same level as, medical consultant colleagues. While specialists in health sciences will follow clinical protocols, procedures and guidelines, Clinical Consultants will help shape future guidelines and adopt new and emerging technologies to help advance patient care.
Role in health care process
The Role of Medical Laboratories Scientists are delivering accurate laboratory results on time. It is estimated that 70 percent of all decisions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of patients, hospital entry and exit are based on laboratory test results.
in the UK, Health Scientists including Clinical Scientists may intervene throughout the treatment pathway of diagnostic tests for therapeutic and rehabilitation care and although this workforce comprises about 5% of health workforce in the UK, their work supports 80% of all diagnoses and clinics. decision made [2].
Job title
Informal abbreviations of job titles can be a source of confusion. The Medical Laboratory Scientist (ASCP) and Medical Technologists (AMT) or (AAB) are often called "med tech" (based on the era in which they are known as "medical technology experts"), but these short terms are shared by other healthcare workers. , including pharmaceutical technicians, Radiographers (also known as Radiologic Technologists), Respiratory Therapists.
In the United States there is a formal distinction between MLT and MT/CLS. Both may be certified or registered by one or more nationally recognized professional organizations, but technicians have a two-year associate degree, and may have fewer training classes than other professionals. MTs and CLS have a bachelor's degree. Scientists and technologists generally earn more than technicians and have more opportunities for progress. Much of the confusion can also stem from the fact that the NCA and the ASCP certification agencies have different degrees in the past (clinical laboratory scientists and their respective medical technologists), but by incorporating into the newer "ASCP" and the organization's choice of " Medical Laboratory Scientist ", it can be said that eventually the field has the title" integrated ". However, AMT and AAB continue to use the title of Medical Technologist.
In the United Kingdom, there is a defined training path that leads to professional registration either as Clinical Scientist, or as a Biomedical Scientist. The role description for health care scientists is very different, where clinical scientists generally conduct non-routine research and development, as well as improve and provide clinical services using scientific expertise. Biomedical scientists in the UK are similar to the MLT and MT/CLS roles described above, and have similar regulatory requirements for professional regulation. Clinical scientists in the UK may struggle with the lack of professional recognition. This is partly due to the various job titles used to describe them including Clinical Physiologists, Medical Physicists, Clinical Biochemists, which generally mean public health workers and others consider Clinical Scientists to be medical qualified doctors, due to the sometimes complex nature of the role.
See also
External links
- [6]
- Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Sciences
- US. Department of Labor information in Clinical Technology Laboratory and Technician
- American Association for Clinical Chemistry
- American Society of Clinical Pathology
- American Society of Clinical Laboratory Science
- National Credentials Agency for Laboratory Personnel
- National Accreditation Board for Clinical Laboratory Science
- Advanced Medical Technology Education
- OBJECTIVE: Australian Institute of Medical Scientists
- New Zealand Institute of Laboratory Science
- The Greek Medical Laboratory Technology Association
- Clinical Laboratory Scientist at Work
References
- http://www.cms.hhs.gov/CLIA/10_Categorization_of_Tests.asp#TopOfPage
- http://dhi.health.state.nm.us/CLIA/index.php
- http://www.naacls.org/docs/guide_dcls.pdf
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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